A surface treatment formulation configured to inhibit scaling or climbing of a surface is provided. The surface treatment formulation may include a base binding material configured to adhere to the surface and a filler material embedded in the base binding material. The filler material may include a dry lubricant having a layered lamellar structure or low inter filler interaction. Furthermore, the surface treatment formulation may be configured to be activated in order to expose the filler material thereby causing formation of a slippery surface to inhibit the scaling or climbing of the surface.

Provided is a method and apparatus for treating a substrate with a liquid. The substrate treating method comprises a pre-treating step for supplying the treatment liquid containing hydrogen fluoride (HF) to the substrate and treating the substrate before the surface modification step and a surface modification step for supplying an alkene-based chemical onto a substrate to change the surface of the substrate to a hydrophobic state. As a result, the surface of the substrate is uniform, and generation of particles can be reduced when the substrate is removed.

The present disclosure relates to polymer coatings covalently attached to the surface of a substrate and the preparation of the polymer coatings, such as poly(N-(5-azidoacetamidylpentyl)acrylamide-co-acrylamide) (PAZAM), in the formation and manipulation of substrates, such as molecular arrays and flow cells. The present disclosure also relates to methods of preparing a substrate surface by using beads coated with a covalently attached polymer, such as PAZAM, and the method of determining a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide attached to a substrate surface described herein.

A method of forming a digital print on a surface by applying powder of dry ink including colourants on the surface, bonding a part of the dry ink powder to the surface by a digital heating print head such that the digital print is formed by the bonded dry ink colourants and removing non-bonded dry ink from the surface.

Process for printing an adhesive pattern on a polymer brush extending at the surface of a support (1), forming a nanometric anti-fouling layer (2), the process comprising the following steps: placing the layer (2) in contact with a first aqueous solution (4) containing a benzophenone, then illuminating the layer with radiation (3) at a wavelength within the absorption spectrum of benzophenone, according to the pattern and according to a surface energy.

A method for painting a component, in particular for painting a motor vehicle body component, with a decorative layer is provided. The decorative layer may be a decorative strip, a graphic element, a contrast surface or a pattern. The method includes applying a base coat layer, applying a decorative layer, which is within a decorative region with a limited surface area, to the component, and drying a limited drying region of the component, which drying region comprises at least part of the decorative region.

A quaternary ammonium sulfonamide compound of formula (I): wherein R=(II), C.sub.1-C.sub.3 linear or branched alkyl, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 linear or branched alkyl, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkyl, CF.sub.3, OR.sub.5 where R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 linear or branched alkyl or polyethylene oxide, l is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, m is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18, wherein the aryl groups of R may be substituted or unsubstituted, X=halogen, and Y=(III) wherein R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are the same or different and selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl and the benzophenone is selected from the group consisting of substituted benzophenone and unsubstituted benzophenone, process for preparing the compound and antimicrobial surface coating compositions of the compound. ##STR00001##

A new method capable of forming a circuit by performing metal plating on a desired portion on a substrate through a small number of steps regardless of the kind of the substrate. A method for forming a circuit on a substrate characterized in that when forming a circuit by plating on a substrate, the method includes steps of applying a coating film containing a silicone oligomer and a catalyst metal onto the substrate, and thereafter, performing an activation treatment of the catalyst metal in the coating film to make the catalyst metal exhibit autocatalytic properties, and then, performing electroless plating.

A method for coloring a carbon nanotube (CNT) product is provided, including placing a CNT product in an electric circuit to ground the product, charging a plurality of pigment molecules with an opposite charge from the CNT product, applying a coating of the charged pigment molecules to a surface of the CNT product, and exposing the coating to a temperature sufficient to cure the coating, while allowing the coating to form a substantially conformal film on the surface of the CNT product.

A light sintering device is provided. The light sintering device can comprise: a housing having, therein, a cooling hollow portion in which cooling water flows; a beam guide mounted on one side of the housing so as to form one wall of the cooling hollow portion, and guiding sintered light; and an optical filter mounted on the other side of the housing so as to face the beam guide, thereby forming the other wall of the cooling hollow portion, and filtering out a specific wavelength of the sintered light.