A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The coating composition includes a carrier, a binder, and a radar reflective pigment or a LiDAR reflective pigment. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.

Provided is a method for preparing a silica layer, comprising bringing to gelation a precursor layer formed from a precursor composition comprising a silica precursor an acid catalyst and a surfactant.

A wavelength-converting component includes a substrate, a wavelength-converting layer and a reflective layer. The wavelength-converting layer is disposed on the substrate. The reflective layer is disposed between the substrate and the wavelength-converting layer. The reflective layer includes a plurality of diffuse reflection particles and a first organic adhesive. The diffuse reflection particles are mixed in the first organic adhesive. The first organic adhesive includes an aromatic polyimide. The invention further provides a projection apparatus using the wavelength-converting component and provides a manufacturing method of the wavelength-converting component. The wavelength-converting component of the invention can improve mechanical properties such as shear strength, tensile strength and fatigue strength, temperature resistance and reflectivity, and can reduce rates of moisture absorption. The projection apparatus of the invention can reduce degradation in image brightness.

An article having a retroreflective marking and non-retroreflective, traditional marking is provided. The article presents as having a first design when under common overhead or environmental lighting, and having a second different design when the retroreflective marking is illuminated with a direct light, reflecting the light back to its source to cause an illuminated appearance.

A coating composition includes: (i) a film-forming resin; (ii) an infrared reflective pigment; and (iii) an infrared fluorescent pigment or dye different from the infrared reflective pigment. A multi-layer coating including the coating composition, and a substrate at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed. A method of detecting an article at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.

Components of articles that include an optical element that imparts structural color to the component are provided. Methods of making the components including the optical element, and methods of using the components such as to make an article of manufacture are provided.

As described above, one or more aspects of the present disclosure provide articles having structural color, and methods of making articles having structural color. The articles incorporate a primer layer having a percent transmittance of about 40% or less in conjuction with an optical element. The optical element and primer layer impart a structural color to the article.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide optical element transfer structures that include an optical element releasably coupled with a transfer medium and methods of making and using the optical element transfer structures. The optical element transfer structures can be used to dispose an optical element onto an article, whereby the optical element imparts a structural color to the article.

A method of coating a roofing material is described. The method comprises providing an aqueous roof coating composition comprising an inorganic binder material, a chemical curing agent, inorganic particulate filler; applying the aqueous roof coating composition to an inorganic roofing material; and allowing the aqueous roof coating composition to dry and chemically curing agent. The roof coating composition has a total solar reflectance of at least 0.7 after allowing the aqueous roof coating composition to dry and chemically cure. Also described are aqueous roof coating compositions and inorganic (e.g. roofing) materials comprising a surface coating having a total solar reflectance of at least 0.7; wherein the surface coating comprises silicate, a chemical curing agent; and inorganic particulate filler.