A method of forming an article which includes a diffraction grating, an article, and an apparatus for forming the article by printing are described. The method includes forming a periodic structure by printing a first set of parallel lines on a first side of a transparent substrate with a marking material and printing a second set of parallel lines on a second side of the transparent substrate with a marking material, the first and second sets of lines, in combination, defining a grating having a frequency and a spacing between lines which causes incident light to be diffracted into a plurality of beams travelling in different directions.

The present disclosure is directed to components of articles that include an optical element that imparts structural color to the component. The present disclosure is also directed to methods of making the components including the optical element, and methods of using the components such as to make an article of manufacture.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide optical element transfer structures that include an optical element releasably coupled with a transfer medium and methods of making and using the optical element transfer structures. The optical element transfer structures can be used to dispose an optical element onto an article, whereby the optical element imparts a structural color to the article.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.

Provided is a multi-layer coating film including a base film and an infrared-reflective film, wherein the infrared-reflective film includes a scale-like infrared-reflective pigment and a resin; the pigment includes a layered body that has dielectric layers and a metal layer layered in an alternate fashion with the dielectric layer on the outermost layer; the dielectric layer is formed from one or more materials such as titanium dioxide; the metal layer is made from a silver compound; a film thickness of the metal layer is 5 to 15 nm; a film thickness of the dielectric layer is ((N)/(4r))20 nm (N is 1, 2 or 3, wavelength is 250 to 980 nm, r is the refractive index of the dielectric layer); the infrared reflectance R1 of the base film is smaller than 80% and is smaller than the infrared reflectance R2 of the infrared-reflective film.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.

An article includes a first organic layer and a second organic layer each with an interior embossed surface; and an embossed reflector layer adjacent to the interior embossed surface of the first organic layer and adjacent to the interior embossed surface of the second organic layer. A method of making an article is also disclosed.

Provided is a decorative film formed body being capable of exhibiting excellent metallic design presentation of satin plating with less color blur through decoration with use of a vapor deposition film, a manufacturing method for a decorative film formed body, a mounting method for a transfer base material, a satin-plated preparation, a container, a casing, and a vehicle interior/exterior member. The decorative film formed body includes: a base material; an adhesive layer; a vapor deposition layer; and a protection layer, wherein the vapor deposition layer has recesses and projections formed on a surface thereof, and wherein the adhesive layer includes scale-shaped fillers.

A compounding system for use in finishing a vehicle having a vehicle body having painted surfaces. The compounding system employs a spray gun having a nozzle having a fluid opening that is substantially 3 millimeters in diameter and a reservoir in communication with the fluid opening. Compressed air selectively flows past the fluid opening to atomize the compound paste into a compound spray that is used to cover all of the painted surfaces of the vehicle with a thin, uniform coating in a single step. The compound paste is removed by buffing all painted surfaces on the vehicle body to a shine in a single step.