A system for applying a coating composition to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The system includes a high transfer efficiency applicator defining a nozzle orifice. The coating composition comprises a carrier and a binder. The coating composition has a viscosity of from about 0.002 Pa*s to about 0.2 Pa*s, a density of from about 838 kg/m3 to about 1557 kg/m3, a surface tension of from about 0.015 N/m to about 0.05 N/m, and a relaxation time of from about 0.0005 s to about 0.02 s. The high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the coating composition through the nozzle orifice to the substrate to form a coating layer. At least 80% of the droplets of the coating composition expelled from the high transfer efficiency applicator contact the substrate.

A system for applying a first, a second, and a third coating composition. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice. The system further includes a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a third high transfer efficiency applicator defining a third nozzle orifice. The system further includes a substrate defining a target area. The first, the second, and the third high transfer efficiency applicators are configured to expel the first coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate, through the second nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate, and through the third nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate.

Disclosed herein is a coating composition obtained by mixing a resin and/or hardener; a sagging control agent (SCA) reactive to resin and/or hardener; and a catalyst. Further disclosed herein are methods of preparing 1K and 2K coating compositions and using the coating compositions in an automotive to form a clearcoat.

A coating system includes at least one putty layer and at least one clear coat layer. The at least one putty layer includes a putty having a binder component which has at least one polyaspartic acid ester and a hardener component which has at least one polyisocyanate. The at least one clear coat layer includes a clear coat coating material based on an RMA binder or a polyaspartic acid ester binder.

A method for repairing a surface imperfection in a clear topcoat overlying a pigmented color coat of a panel includes the application of an amount of a repair composition to the surface imperfection in an amount to fill the surface imperfection. The repair composition is exposed to actinic radiation inducing cure of the repair composition to form a cured fill. A ceramic coating is readily applied after cure to overlie the fill with bonded ceramic particulate. A composition is also provided. An exterior body panel is also provided that includes a substrate having a shape of the panel. A pigmented color coat is present on a surface of the substrate. A clear topcoat overlies the pigmented color coat. A cured composition as detailed above fills surface imperfections in the topcoat.

Provided is a steel sheet having lowered visibility of the curvature of the outer surface by lowering the side glossiness of the steel sheet used on a refrigerator body, a refrigerator comprising same, and a manufacturing method of the steel sheet. The refrigerator includes: the body; and a door rotatably coupled to the body. The body includes: a base steel sheet, a base coating layer provided on the base steel sheet and comprising 2.5 to 4.0 weight % of silica relative to the total weight of the base coating layer, and a clear coating layer provided on the base coating layer and comprising silica and 2.0 to 5.0 weight % of beads relative to the total weight of the clear coating layer.

A system for applying a first and a second coating composition is provided herein. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice and a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a first reservoir a second reservoir. The system further includes a substrate defining a first target area and a second target area. The first high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to receive the first coating composition from the first reservoir and configured to expel the first coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the first target area of the substrate. The second high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to receive the second coating composition from the second reservoir and configured to expel the second coating composition through the second nozzle orifice to the second target area of the substrate.

A method of forming a coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high efficiency transfer applicator. The method includes identifying at least one of an Ohnesorge number (Oh) for the coating composition, a Reynolds number (Re) for the coating composition, or a Deborah number (De) for the coating composition. The method includes obtaining at least one of a viscosity (η) of the coating composition, a surface tension (σ) of the coating composition, a density (ρ) of the coating composition, a relaxation time (λ) of the coating composition, a nozzle diameter (D) of the high efficiency transfer applicator, or an impact velocity (v) of the high efficiency transfer applicator. The method includes forming the coating composition having at least one of the viscosity (η), the surface tension (σ), or the density (ρ). The coating composition is configured to be applied to the substrate utilizing the high efficiency transfer applicator having at least one of the nozzle diameter (D) or the impact velocity (v).

A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The coating composition includes monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric compounds having a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 20,000 and having a free-radically polymerizable double bond. The coating composition further includes a photo initiator. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.

A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator. The coating composition includes a carrier and a binder comprising an elastomeric resin in an amount of at least 50 weight %, wherein the elastomeric resin has an Elongation to Break of at least 500% according to DIN 53 504. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.