The invention relates to a transfer stack (TS) for transferring a portion of a foil within a perimeter (P) that includes a transducer (T) to an article (A) such as a medical device or a medical needle. The transfer stack includes a carrier substrate (CS), a foil (F) having a transducer (T) incorporated therein, and the transducer is laterally surrounded by a perimeter (P). The foil (F) is separable from the carrier substrate (CS) by overcoming a first peel retaining force (PRF1). An adhesive layer (AL) is also attached to the foil. The adhesive layer (AL) is configured to provide adhesion between the foil (F) and an article (A) such that when the article (A) is attached to the foil via the adhesive layer (AL) the foil (F) is separable from the surface of the article (A) by overcoming a second peel retaining force (PRF2). The second peel retaining force (PRF2) is greater than the first peel retaining force (PRF1).

A mounting structure includes a first substrate which has a first surface on which a functional element is provided, a second substrate that has a second surface facing the first surface, a wiring portion that is provided at a position which is different from a position of the functional element on the first surface, has a third surface facing the second surface, and is electrically connected to the functional element, and a conduction portion that is provided on the second surface, protrudes toward the first surface, and is connected to the third surface so as to be electrically connected to the functional element, in which an area of the third surface is larger than an area of a first end section of the wiring portion on the first substrate side in a plan view which is viewed from a thickness direction of the first substrate and the second substrate.

A device has a piezoelectric or ferroelectric substrate on which ice is deposited. Electrodes are connected to the substrate. A vector network analyzer is connected to the electrodes and configured to determine the resonant frequency of the substrate. An excitation module including a function generator communicates with the vector network analyzer and is connected to an amplifier. The amplifier is connected to the electrodes. The excitation module uses an automatic switch to apply to the electrodes an AC electrical signal having a frequency coinciding with the resonant frequency measured in the vector network analyzer and which changes gradually as the ice melts.