The present invention relates to a composite material, particularly a composite material for ceramic tiles, stone cladding, surface tops (e.g. worktops), and the like. The composite materials are typically derived from waste products. The composite materials of the present invention are formed from a glass component and a non-glass mineral component (e.g. ceramics and/or glaze). Generally the composite materials do not require any binders (especially synthetic binders) to hold the materials together. Therefore, the composite materials and products made therefrom are typically recyclable.

Provided is a method for transporting reductant such as coke into a metallurgical furnace containing a bottom layer containing molten metal and a top layer on top of the bottom layer containing molten metal. The method comprises a first providing step for providing reductant, a second providing step for providing metal, a forming step for forming carriers containing reductant and metal of reductant provided in the first providing step and metal provided in the second providing step, and a feeding step for feeding carriers formed in the forming step into the metallurgical furnace. Also provided is a carrier and a production method for producing carriers.

This invention is directed to recycled waste composition, uses, applications and processes of preparation thereof.

This invention is directed to recycled waste composition, uses, applications and processes of preparation thereof.

[Problem] The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a plasma melting method for performing, on a material to be processed such as incineration ash and general waste or industrial waste, a processing in which plasma is generated at a low voltage in the upper part of a furnace and the material to be processed is efficiently subjected to a melt-processing; and a plasma melting furnace used for the plasma melting method.

[Solution] This invention is characterized in that: a coke layer is first laid on the furnace bottom of a plasma electric melting furnace in which a metal layer is placed on the furnace bottom and in which a plurality of electrodes can be moved vertically by an electrode raising/lowering device, and some of a material to be processed that is at least one among general waste, industrial waste, and incineration ash is charged onto the coke layer; the lower ends of the electrodes are positioned near the furnace bottom and the passage of current is commenced at a low voltage; the lower ends of the electrodes are raised while the passage of current is stable; the material to be processed is subjected to an additional charge; plasma is generated at the lower part of the electrodes at an operation voltage obtained by raising the voltage to a high voltage from the low voltage applied during the stable passage of current; and the material to be processed is subjected to a melt-processing.

This invention details a method and device for recycling polymeric, composite, and industrial rubber waste. It involves a bath of liquid-metal coolant, made by melting metals like lead, bismuth, zinc, aluminum, and copper. This coolant is heated to 50-150? C. above its melting point. A layer of melted salts of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals is formed on the coolant's surface, topped by a purifying layer of melted active alkaline or alkaline-earth metals. Waste is pre-loaded into perforated-wall containers with horizontal partitions and submerged in the coolant bath, then removed after processing. The device includes guide rails, an internal space with a hearth, side walls, roof, inlet and outlet sluices, and a reaction chamber. This process improves desulphurization and dichlorination of pyrolysis products, yielding a solid carbon-containing residue.

The present invention relates to a method and a plant for treating carbon-containing waste that may comprise mineral fillers and/or potential contaminants.

This method comprises: preparing a molten glass bath at a temperature between 1100 C. and 1600 C.; loading the waste to be treated into said molten glass bath; injecting an oxidizer and optionally a fuel under pressure into said molten glass bath by means of at least one hose, one end of which is immersed in said bath, said oxidizer being introduced in a molar amount less than the molar amount of the carbon-containing compounds, thus causing combustion of said waste and generation of hot synthesis gases; implementing heat exchange between a heat-transfer fluid and the hot synthesis gases in conditions allowing simultaneous recovery of at least part of their heat energy and at least part of the heat energy released by their combustion, air being injected sequentially into said gases during said heat exchange to cause self-ignition of the mixture of said gases and air, each injection increasing the degree of combustion.

A method for immobilizing arsenic includes adding calcium arsenate to a glass-forming material containing iron, silica, and alkaline components so that an iron/silica weight ratio is in a range of 0.5 to 0.9 and an amount of alkaline components is in a range of 14 wt % to 26 wt %, and thereby incorporating the arsenic into a glass solidified body. For example, the method for immobilizing arsenic may include: adding an alkaline solution and an oxidizing agent to a copper-arsenic-containing substance, and thereby carrying out an oxidizing leaching; separating a leach residue by solid-liquid separation; adding calcium hydroxide to a recovered alkaline arsenate solution to generate calcium arsenate; and adding the glass-forming material to the recovered calcium arsenate so that the iron/silica weight ratio and the amount of alkaline components are in the above-mentioned ranges, and thereby incorporating the arsenic into the glass solidified body.

The invention relates to a method for producing rock wool and cast iron by melting a mixture of materials such as basalt, blast-furnace slag, coke and components necessary for melting, with an admixture containing alumina, said admixture making it possible to adjust the alumina content in order to obtain a rock wool having the following composition (as wt %): Al2O3: 18-22; SiO2: 40-50; CaO: 10-15; MgO: <10; FeO: <2; Na2O: <4; K2O: <2. The method includes the following operations: producing by melting a slag and a cast iron, separating the slag and the cast iron, and performing a fibring operation on the slag followed by a bonding operation in order to obtain the rock wool. According to the invention, at least one spent adsorbent and/or catalyst is used as an admixture, said catalyst containing alumina in Al2O3 form. Said adsorbent and/or catalyst preferably contains at least one metal, and said metal is retrieved in the cast iron.

An optimized gasification/vitrification processing system having a gasification unit which converts organic materials to a hydrogen rich gas and ash in communication with a joule heated vitrification unit which converts the ash formed in the gasification unit into glass, and a plasma which converts elemental carbon and products of incomplete combustion formed in the gasification unit into a hydrogen rich gas.