Tubular structures, systems, and methods are generally directed to support structures having structural properties similar to thick-walled structures while being formed using materials having thickness amendable to rolling and welding and, thus, useful for rapid and cost-effective fabrication.

A method for the manufacture of insoluble lead anodes, with low segregation of the constituent elements of the anodic alloy for the electrowinning of metals, free of buckling, used in electrolytic processes, which comprises: Obtaining a continuous plate (4) of lead or lead alloy 10 to 30 mm thick by 900 to 1,100 mm wide by means of a continuous casting process; Cut the continuous plate (4) according to a determined length obtaining a pre-plate (6) that will give the length of one or more plates of the anode (8); Roll the lead or lead alloy pre-plate (6) using a cold rolling mill (7) to a thickness of 6 to 12 mm, keeping the cold rolling temperature of the pre-plate under 60° C., obtaining the anode plate(s) (8); Remove the anode plate (8) from the rolling mill (7); Weld (12) a copper bar (10) to the upper end of the anode plate (11).

A method for the manufacture of insoluble lead anodes, with low segregation of the constituent elements of the anodic alloy for the electrowinning of metals, free of buckling, used in electrolytic processes, which comprises: Obtaining a continuous plate (4) of lead or lead alloy 10 to 30 mm thick by 900 to 1,100 mm wide by means of a continuous casting process; Cut the continuous plate (4) according to a determined length obtaining a pre-plate (6) that will give the length of one or more plates of the anode (8); Roll the lead or lead alloy pre-plate (6) using a cold rolling mill (7) to a thickness of 6 to 12 mm, keeping the cold rolling temperature of the pre-plate under 60° C., obtaining the anode plate(s) (8); Remove the anode plate (8) from the rolling mill (7); Weld (12) a copper bar (10) to the upper end of the anode plate (11).

In a facility for cold rolling a metal strip in a circulating oil-feeding system by jetting a low concentration coolant, in a neighborhood of an inlet side of a work roll and jetting a high concentration coolant at an upstream side of the jetting position of the low concentration coolant to conduct rolling, the metal strip is cold rolled with the cold rolling facility provided with a control equipment for varying a jetting amount of the low concentration coolant in accordance with a rolling rate so that a tip of a liquid pool of the low concentration coolant formed on a surface of a steel sheet at an inlet side of the work roll does not reach a jetting position of the high concentration coolant, whereby the rolling can be performed without losing a plate-out property even if the rolling rate is decreased.

A method for manufacturing a high-strength galvanized steel sheet. The method includes a first heating step of holding the steel sheet in a temperature range of 750 C. to 880 C. for 20 s to 600 s in an atmosphere having an H.sub.2 concentration of 0.05% to 25.0% by volume and a dew point of 45 C. to 10 C., a cooling step, a rolling step of rolling the steel sheet with a rolling reduction of 0.3% to 2.0%, a pickling step of pickling the steel sheet with a pickling weight loss of 0.02 gram/m.sup.2 to 5 gram/m.sup.2 in terms of Fe, a second heating step of holding the steel sheet in a temperature range of 720 C. to 860 C. for 20 sec. to 300 sec. in an atmosphere having an H.sub.2 concentration of 0.05% to 25.0% by volume and a dew point of 10 C. or lower, and a galvanizing step.

A method for manufacturing a high-strength galvanized steel sheet. The method includes a first heating step of holding the steel sheet in a temperature range of 750 C. to 880 C. for 20 s to 600 s in an atmosphere having an H.sub.2 concentration of 0.05% to 25.0% by volume and a dew point of 45 C. to 10 C., a cooling step, a rolling step of rolling the steel sheet with a rolling reduction of 0.3% to 2.0%, a pickling step of pickling the steel sheet with a pickling weight loss of 0.02 gram/m.sup.2 to 5 gram/m.sup.2 in terms of Fe, a second heating step of holding the steel sheet in a temperature range of 720 C. to 860 C. for 20 sec. to 300 sec. in an atmosphere having an H.sub.2 concentration of 0.05% to 25.0% by volume and a dew point of 10 C. or lower, and a galvanizing step.

Provided is a clad steel plate with excellent thermal conductivity that can be used suitably in cookware and the like. The present invention is a three-layer clad steel plate having a carbon steel base material and stainless steel mating material disposed respectively on both surface sides of the base material, wherein a plate thickness ratio L given by Equation (1) is 1.0-5.0 and at least one surface of the clad steel plate has a plurality of protrusions and recesses. Plate thickness ratio L=the plate thickness of the base material/the total thickness of the mating material . . . Equation (1) Here, the base material thickness and the mating material thickness are the thicknesses at the protrusions.

Provided is a clad steel plate with excellent thermal conductivity that can be used suitably in cookware and the like. The present invention is a three-layer clad steel plate having a carbon steel base material and stainless steel mating material disposed respectively on both surface sides of the base material, wherein a plate thickness ratio L given by Equation (1) is 1.0-5.0 and at least one surface of the clad steel plate has a plurality of protrusions and recesses. Plate thickness ratio L=the plate thickness of the base material/the total thickness of the mating material . . . Equation (1) Here, the base material thickness and the mating material thickness are the thicknesses at the protrusions.

A method for manufacturing a high-strength galvanized steel sheet includes performing hot rolling, cold rolling, first annealing, pickling, and second annealing. The first annealing is performed to obtain a steel sheet having a steel microstructure including ferrite in an amount of 10% or more and 60% or less in terms of area ratio, and martensite, bainite, and retained austenite in a total amount of 40% or more and 90% or less in terms of area ratio. The second annealing includes heating to an annealing temperature of 750 C. or higher and 850 C. or lower, holding at the annealing temperature for 10 seconds or more and 500 seconds or less, cooling at an average cooling rate of 1 C./s or more and 15 C./s or less, performing a galvanizing treatment, and cooling to a temperature of 150 C. or lower at an average cooling rate of 5 C./s or more and 100 C./s or less.

A cold rolling mill rolling condition calculation method includes: an estimation step of estimating a rolling constraint condition with respect to a target steady rolling condition of a roll target material, by inputting second multi-dimensional data to a prediction model, the prediction model having been trained with explanatory variable and response variable, the explanatory variable being first multi-dimensional data generated based on non-steady rolling performance data, among past rolling performance in rolling a roll material by a cold rolling mill, and the response variable being steady rolling performance data and rolling constraint condition data during steady rolling, and the second multi-dimensional data having been generated based on non-steady rolling performance data of the roll target material; and a change step of changing the target steady rolling condition so that the estimated rolling constraint condition satisfies a predetermined condition.