A distributed refrigeration system is provided. The distributed refrigeration system comprises a pre-cooling system configured to be thermally coupled to two or more cryogenic devices and to provide a first cooling stage to the two or more cryogenic devices. The two or more cryogenic devices may be two or more of a dilution refrigerator, a low-temperature microscopy system, a .sup.3He refrigeration system, and/or a superconducting CMOS system.

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes a plurality of thermal stages configured to be cooled to a plurality of temperatures. A coldest thermal stage of the plurality of thermal stages is disposed above warmer thermal stages of the plurality of thermal stages such that the coldest thermal stage is positioned furthest from a floor supporting the dilution refrigerator.

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes a plurality of thermal stages configured to be cooled to a plurality of temperatures. A coldest thermal stage of the plurality of thermal stages is disposed above warmer thermal stages of the plurality of thermal stages such that the coldest thermal stage is positioned furthest from a floor supporting the dilution refrigerator.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a 3D object and to a system adapted to implement the method, wherein the method comprises: —providing a powder material (G); —providing a radiation absorbent material, in the form of optically resonant particles (P), on a region to be sintered of the powder material; and—sintering the region to be sintered of the powder material (G), by exposing to light the optically resonant particles (P) to radiation. The method comprises providing the optically resonant particles (P) according to a distribution and proportion, with respect to the powder material (G) included in the region to be sintered, selected: —to disperse the optically resonant particles (P) within the powder material (G) included in said region, and—to avoid substantial agglomeration and substantial self-sintering of the optically resonant particles (P).

A core-shell nanowire, a method of forming the core-shell nanowire and a stretchable composite comprising the core-shell nanowire are provided. The core-shell nanowire comprises a core comprising a conductive metal and a shell comprising a biocompatible metal. The method of forming the core-shell nanowire comprises a step of forming a core-shell nanowire by carrying out epitaxial growth of a biocompatible metal on a surface of a core comprising a conductive metal. The stretchable composite comprises a first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite comprising first core-shell nanowires and a first polymer, a first insulating layer disposed on the first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite, and a second core-shell nanowire/polymer composite disposed on the first insulating layer and comprising second core-shell nanowires and a second polymer.

A core-shell nanowire, a method of forming the core-shell nanowire and a stretchable composite comprising the core-shell nanowire are provided. The core-shell nanowire comprises a core comprising a conductive metal and a shell comprising a biocompatible metal. The method of forming the core-shell nanowire comprises a step of forming a core-shell nanowire by carrying out epitaxial growth of a biocompatible metal on a surface of a core comprising a conductive metal. The stretchable composite comprises a first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite comprising first core-shell nanowires and a first polymer, a first insulating layer disposed on the first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite, and a second core-shell nanowire/polymer composite disposed on the first insulating layer and comprising second core-shell nanowires and a second polymer.

A construction method for 3D micro/nanostructure, comprising: Step (1), fixing and vacuuming a material source on a substrate; Step (2), focusing an electron beam to ensure that a position of a focus is 0-100 nm away from a surface of material source, and an interface local domain including the focus of electron beam and surface atoms is formed; and Step (3), controlling the focus of electron beam to move point by point according to a shape of a designed 3D micro/nanostructure, and realizing the construction of 3D micro/nanostructure. This disclosure realizes real-time construction of 3D micro/nanostructure through the migration of atoms driven by uneven atomic density and electric potential difference in interface local domain. This disclosure promotes integrative development of nanotechnology and 3D printing and has good value of application and promotion.

A construction method for 3D micro/nanostructure, comprising: Step (1), fixing and vacuuming a material source on a substrate; Step (2), focusing an electron beam to ensure that a position of a focus is 0-100 nm away from a surface of material source, and an interface local domain including the focus of electron beam and surface atoms is formed; and Step (3), controlling the focus of electron beam to move point by point according to a shape of a designed 3D micro/nanostructure, and realizing the construction of 3D micro/nanostructure. This disclosure realizes real-time construction of 3D micro/nanostructure through the migration of atoms driven by uneven atomic density and electric potential difference in interface local domain. This disclosure promotes integrative development of nanotechnology and 3D printing and has good value of application and promotion.

The present invention is a method for manufacturing silver nanowires, including using a growth control agent and a halide salt in a polyol to obtain silver nanowires from a silver salt, and further using an α-hydroxycarbonyl compound (a) represented by formula (1) below: (in general formula (1), R indicates any of a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms). ##STR00001##

A method for preparing a hollow multi-metallic nanostructure, the method including the steps of providing a first metal nanostructure having a plurality of first metal atoms, and performing a synthetic strategy, the synthetic strategy including replacing a portion of the plurality of first metal atoms with a corresponding number of second metal ions, and promoting first metal atom diffusion to provide the hollow multi-metallic nanostructure.