An additively manufactured (AM) object may include a body including an opening in an exterior surface thereof, the opening having a shape and a first area at the exterior surface of the body. A mask may be positioned over the opening. The mask has the shape of the opening and a second area that is larger than the first area so as to overhang the exterior surface of the body about the opening. A plurality of support ligaments couple to the mask and the exterior surface of the body at a location adjacent to the opening to support a portion of the mask. A coating can be applied to the object, and the mask removed. The final AM object includes a plurality of ligament elements extending from the exterior surface of the body and through the coating adjacent the opening, each ligament element at least partially surrounded by the coating.

The present invention provides a sintered metal friction material that has excellent wear resistance, heat resistance even at high load and has a higher friction coefficient while maintaining a friction coefficient and wear resistance that are hard to decrease, and has a reduced content of copper of less than 5 mass %. There is provided a sintered metal friction material characterized in that the sintered metal friction material comprises a sintered material of a friction material composition, the friction material composition comprises matrix metals and a friction modifier, the matrix metals comprise following 20 to 40 mass % of iron powder, 20 to 40 mass % of nickel powder, 0.5 to 10 mass % of zinc powder, 0.5 to 5 mass, of tin powder, 0.5 to 4 mass % of copper powder and 0.5 to 5 mass % of sintering assist powder.

The present invention provides a sintered metal friction material that has excellent wear resistance, heat resistance even at high load and has a higher friction coefficient while maintaining a friction coefficient and wear resistance that are hard to decrease, and has a reduced content of copper of less than 5 mass %. There is provided a sintered metal friction material characterized in that the sintered metal friction material comprises a sintered material of a friction material composition, the friction material composition comprises matrix metals and a friction modifier, the matrix metals comprise following 20 to 40 mass % of iron powder, 20 to 40 mass % of nickel powder, 0.5 to 10 mass % of zinc powder, 0.5 to 5 mass, of tin powder, 0.5 to 4 mass % of copper powder and 0.5 to 5 mass % of sintering assist powder.

Provided is a heat sink that has a clad structure of a Cu—Mo composite material and a Cu material and has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity. A heat sink comprises three or more Cu layers and two or more Cu—Mo composite layers alternately stacked in a thickness direction so that two of the Cu layers are outermost layers on both sides, wherein each of the Cu—Mo composite layers has a thickness section microstructure in which flat Mo phase is dispersed in a Cu matrix. The heat sink has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and also has high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction because the thickness of each of the Cu layers which are the outermost layers is reduced, as compared with a heat sink of a three-layer clad structure having the same thickness and density.

Provided is a heat sink that has a clad structure of a Cu—Mo composite material and a Cu material and has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity. A heat sink comprises three or more Cu layers and two or more Cu—Mo composite layers alternately stacked in a thickness direction so that two of the Cu layers are outermost layers on both sides, wherein each of the Cu—Mo composite layers has a thickness section microstructure in which flat Mo phase is dispersed in a Cu matrix. The heat sink has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and also has high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction because the thickness of each of the Cu layers which are the outermost layers is reduced, as compared with a heat sink of a three-layer clad structure having the same thickness and density.

A graphene modifying method of metal having following steps of providing metal powders, graphene powders and a binder, the metal powder has metal particles, and the graphene powder has graphene micro pieces, each graphene micro piece is formed by 6-atom unit cells connected with each other, each 6-atom unit cell is connected to a stearic acid functional group by a sp3 bond; mixing the metal powder, the graphene powder, and the binder to generate heat by a friction, each sp3 bond connected with the stearic acid functional group is thereby heated and broken, each 6-atom unit cell is connected with other 6-atom unit cells via the broken sp3 bond, and the metal particles are thereby wrapped by the 6-atom unit cells; and sintering the metal particles into a metal body to transform the plurality of graphene micro pieces into a three-dimensional mash embedded in the metal body.

A method is provided for producing a bonding composition containing copper particles and a second liquid medium. In this production method, the copper particles are produced in a first liquid medium using a wet reduction method, and thus a dispersion of the copper particles is prepared. Subsequently, the first liquid medium in the dispersion is ultimately, finally or eventually replaced with the second liquid medium while the dispersion is kept wet. It is also preferable that the first liquid medium is replaced with another liquid medium one or more times, and the second liquid medium is used in the final replacement. The liquid media are preferably replaced at a temperature of lower than 100° C. The second liquid medium preferably includes one or more of water, alcohol, ketone, ester, ether, and hydrocarbon.

A method is provided for producing a bonding composition containing copper particles and a second liquid medium. In this production method, the copper particles are produced in a first liquid medium using a wet reduction method, and thus a dispersion of the copper particles is prepared. Subsequently, the first liquid medium in the dispersion is ultimately, finally or eventually replaced with the second liquid medium while the dispersion is kept wet. It is also preferable that the first liquid medium is replaced with another liquid medium one or more times, and the second liquid medium is used in the final replacement. The liquid media are preferably replaced at a temperature of lower than 100° C. The second liquid medium preferably includes one or more of water, alcohol, ketone, ester, ether, and hydrocarbon.

Disclosed is a trolley sealing device for a flue gas circulation system of a sintering machine, including a cover body covering a top surface of a sintering machine trolley. A top end of the cover body is provided with communication assemblies, and the communication assemblies communicate an inner cavity of the cover body with an outside environment; two ends of the inner cavity of the cover body are fixedly connected with vertical adjusting sections respectively, and a sealing device is arranged between the vertical adjusting sections and two ends of the top surface of the sintering machine trolley; and the cover body includes a plurality of frameworks; the plurality of frameworks are arranged above the sintering machine trolley, the communication assemblies are arranged on the frameworks, and skins are fixedly connected with the frameworks; and thermal insulation layers are arranged outside the skins.

A method for fabricating a functionally graded tungsten-copper composite (W—Cu FGC) may include the following steps. A binder alloy powder may be prepared that may include mechanically alloyed metal powders of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn); the binder alloy powder may be mixed with a pure tungsten (W) powder to obtain a modified W powder; a plurality of W—Cu composite powders may be prepared by mixing the modified W powder with pure copper powder with different ratios; the plurality of W—Cu composite powders may then be stacked inside a die; the stacked plurality of W—Cu composite powders may be pressed inside the die to obtain a W—Cu compact; and the W—Cu compact may be sintered to obtain a W—Cu FGC.