Described herein are compositions, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a composition for three-dimensional printing comprising: a metal powder build material, wherein the metal powder build material has an average particle size of from about 10 μm to about 250 μm; and a binder fluid comprising: an aqueous liquid vehicle, and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the latex polymer particles have an average particle size of from about 10 nm to about 300 nm.

In a method for producing a material sheet, in particular a metallic material sheet, a green body containing solid-state particles is sintered at a sintering temperature by heating the green body during sintering at least partly using microwave energy in accordance with a defined temperature profile having a heating phase and an essentially isothermal hold phase. A temperature of the green body is ascertained contactlessly with a sensor, and a supply of heat energy is controlled as a function of the temperature of the green body. During the heating phase an average microwave power is supplied and during the hold phase another average microwave power is supplied which is less than the one average microwave power.

According to one embodiment, a tungsten alloy includes a W component and a Hf component including HfC. A content of the Hf component in terms of HfC is 0.1 wt % or more and 3 wt % or less.

A permanent magnet is expressed by a composition formula: R.sub.pFe.sub.qM.sub.rCu.sub.sCo.sub.100-p-q-r-s. The magnet includes a crystal grain having a main phase including a TbCu.sub.7 crystal phase, and a volume ratio of the TbCu.sub.7 crystal phase to the main phase is 95% or more.

A permanent magnet is expressed by a composition formula: R.sub.pFe.sub.qM.sub.rCu.sub.sCo.sub.100-p-q-r-s. The magnet includes a crystal grain having a main phase including a TbCu.sub.7 crystal phase, and a volume ratio of the TbCu.sub.7 crystal phase to the main phase is 95% or more.

Described herein are compositions, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a method of printing a three-dimensional object comprising: (i) depositing a metal powder build material, wherein the metal powder build material has an average particle size of from about 10 μm to about 250 μm; (ii) selectively applying a binder fluid on at least a portion of the metal powder build material, wherein the binder fluid comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle; (iii) heating the selectively applied binder fluid on the metal powder build material to a temperature of from about 40° C. to about 180° C.; and (iv) repeating (i), (ii), and (iii) at least one time to form the three-dimensional object.

Described herein are compositions, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a method of printing a three-dimensional object comprising: (i) depositing a metal powder build material, wherein the metal powder build material has an average particle size of from about 10 μm to about 250 μm; (ii) selectively applying a binder fluid on at least a portion of the metal powder build material, wherein the binder fluid comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle; (iii) heating the selectively applied binder fluid on the metal powder build material to a temperature of from about 40° C. to about 180° C.; and (iv) repeating (i), (ii), and (iii) at least one time to form the three-dimensional object.

A lamination molding apparatus which can lower the oxygen concentration in a molding room in short time is provided. A lamination molding apparatus, including a molding room; a processing head; a driving device housing room housing a driving device moving the processing head; a partitioning section to partition the molding room from the driving device housing room; a discharging section to discharge gas in the molding room; and an inert gas supplying apparatus to supply the inert gas to both of the molding room and to the driving device housing room.

An additive manufacturing method includes using hydrogenated titanium in forming an object by additive manufacturing, the object having a first microstructure. The method includes heat treating the hydrogenated titanium and, after completing a shape of the object, dehydrogenating the object. The dehydrogenated object has a second microstructure different from the first microstructure. Also, another additive manufacturing method includes forming an object containing Ti-6Al-4V, the object having a first microstructure containing columnar structures along a build direction of the additive manufacturing and the object exhibiting mechanical property anisotropy resulting from the columnar structures. After completing a shape of the object, the method includes hydrogenating the Ti-6Al-4V, heat treating the object containing the hydrogenated titanium, and dehydrogenating the heat treated object. The method reduces mechanical property anisotropy and the dehydrogenated object has a second microstructure different from the first microstructure.

A sputtering target, which has a component composition including: 30.0-67.0 atomic % of Ga; and the Cu balance containing inevitable impurities, wherein the sputtering target is a sintered material having a structure in which θ phases made of Cu—Ga alloy are dispersed in a matrix of the γ phases made of Cu—Ga alloy, is provided.