A lamination molding apparatus, including: a chamber covering a desired molding region and being filled with an inert gas of predetermined concentration; a molding table configured to be vertically controllable in the chamber; a laser beam emitter to irradiate a predetermined irradiation region with a laser beam to form a sintered layer and irradiate a predetermined target irradiation position with the laser beam to form a sintered trace, the irradiation region being disposed on a material powder layer formed on the molding table for each of a plurality of divided layers obtained by dividing a desired three-dimensional object at a predetermined thickness.

A lamination molding apparatus, including: a chamber covering a desired molding region and being filled with an inert gas of predetermined concentration; a molding table configured to be vertically controllable in the chamber; a laser beam emitter to irradiate a predetermined irradiation region with a laser beam to form a sintered layer and irradiate a predetermined target irradiation position with the laser beam to form a sintered trace, the irradiation region being disposed on a material powder layer formed on the molding table for each of a plurality of divided layers obtained by dividing a desired three-dimensional object at a predetermined thickness.

Example implementations relate to techniques for refining the microstructure of metallic materials used for additive manufacturing. An example can involve generating a first layer of an integral object using a material with grains structured in a first arrangement. After a threshold duration occurs since generating the first layer, the example can involve applying an external force to the first layer to cause deformations in the first arrangement of grains. The example can further involve generating a second layer coupled to the first layer of the integral object to form a portion of the integral object. Generating the second layer of the integral object causes the material of the first layer to recrystallize new grains to replace grains proximate the deformations. The grains that result from recrystallization are structured in new arrangement that improves the physical and mechanical properties of the layer and subsequent layers collective.

Example implementations relate to techniques for refining the microstructure of metallic materials used for additive manufacturing. An example can involve generating a first layer of an integral object using a material with grains structured in a first arrangement. After a threshold duration occurs since generating the first layer, the example can involve applying an external force to the first layer to cause deformations in the first arrangement of grains. The example can further involve generating a second layer coupled to the first layer of the integral object to form a portion of the integral object. Generating the second layer of the integral object causes the material of the first layer to recrystallize new grains to replace grains proximate the deformations. The grains that result from recrystallization are structured in new arrangement that improves the physical and mechanical properties of the layer and subsequent layers collective.

An AM apparatus for an AM process is provided. The AM apparatus includes a build chamber with a build plate to support one or more parts built with a powder, during a build operation. The AM apparatus further includes a laser assembly operable to deliver a melting laser beam, to melt and fuse the powder used to build the one or more parts. The AM apparatus further includes a part detachment assembly, separate from the laser assembly and operable for a cutting operation. The part detachment assembly includes one or more laser beam delivery apparatuses, each operable to deliver a cutting laser beam, and a part holder apparatus. During the cutting operation, the part holder apparatus holds the one or more parts, and each of the laser beam delivery apparatus(es) delivers the cutting laser beam, to detach the one or more parts from the build plate within the AM apparatus.

An AM apparatus for an AM process is provided. The AM apparatus includes a build chamber with a build plate to support one or more parts built with a powder, during a build operation. The AM apparatus further includes a laser assembly operable to deliver a melting laser beam, to melt and fuse the powder used to build the one or more parts. The AM apparatus further includes a part detachment assembly, separate from the laser assembly and operable for a cutting operation. The part detachment assembly includes one or more laser beam delivery apparatuses, each operable to deliver a cutting laser beam, and a part holder apparatus. During the cutting operation, the part holder apparatus holds the one or more parts, and each of the laser beam delivery apparatus(es) delivers the cutting laser beam, to detach the one or more parts from the build plate within the AM apparatus.

A NdFeB magnet containing cerium and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The manufacturing method includes steps of: refining a part of raw materials pure iron, ferro-boron, and rare earth fluoride in a crucible, adding a rest of the raw materials into the crucible and refining, casting a refined solution to a surface of a water-cooled rotation roller through a tundish and forming alloy flakes, processing the alloy flakes containing at least two different compositions with hydrogen decrepitation, milling powders, magnetic field pressing, vacuum presintering, machining and sintering, and obtaining the NdFeB magnet containing cerium. The NdFeB magnet containing cerium has a density of 7.5-7.7 g/cm.sup.3 and an average particle size of 3-7 m; comprises a main phase and a grain boundary phase distributed around the main phase. A composite phase containing Tb is provided between the main phase and the grain boundary phase.

A NdFeB magnet containing cerium and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The manufacturing method includes steps of: refining a part of raw materials pure iron, ferro-boron, and rare earth fluoride in a crucible, adding a rest of the raw materials into the crucible and refining, casting a refined solution to a surface of a water-cooled rotation roller through a tundish and forming alloy flakes, processing the alloy flakes containing at least two different compositions with hydrogen decrepitation, milling powders, magnetic field pressing, vacuum presintering, machining and sintering, and obtaining the NdFeB magnet containing cerium. The NdFeB magnet containing cerium has a density of 7.5-7.7 g/cm.sup.3 and an average particle size of 3-7 m; comprises a main phase and a grain boundary phase distributed around the main phase. A composite phase containing Tb is provided between the main phase and the grain boundary phase.

A method without a calibration step produces a camshaft adjuster including a stator, a rotor rotatable relative thereto and a control valve, wherein the rotor and/or the stator is or are produced according to a powder-metallurgical process, wherein the stator in the region of a fitting surface for contacting the camshaft and/or the rotor in the region of a fitting surface for contacting the camshaft and/or in the region of a fitting surface for contacting the control valve and/or the control valve in the region of a sealing surface is or are produced having a tolerance so that a clearance fit with a maximum clearance of 100 m is formed between the fitting surface for the camshaft and the camshaft and/or between the fitting surface for contacting the sealing surface of the control valve and the sealing surface of the control valve.

A method for controlling deformation and precision of a part in parallel during an additive manufacturing process includes steps of: performing additive forming and isomaterial shaping or plastic forming, and simultaneously, performing one or more members selected from a group consisting of isomaterial orthopedic process, subtractive process and finishing process in parallel at a same station, so as to achieve a one-step ultra-short process, high-precision and high-performance additive manufacturing, wherein: performing in parallel at the same station refers to simultaneously implement different processes in a same pass or different passes of different processing layers or a same processing layer when a clamping position of the part to be processed is unchanged. The method can realize the one-step high-precision and high-performance additive manufacturing which has the ultra-short process, has high processing precision, and the parts can be directly applied, so that the method has strong practical application value.