Herein is provided a fiber that includes a cladding material disposed along a longitudinal-axis fiber length and a plurality of discrete and disconnected high-stress domains that are disposed as a sequence along a longitudinal line parallel to the longitudinal fiber axis in at least a portion of the fiber length. Each high stress domain has an internal pressure of at least 0.1 GPa and comprises a material that is interior to and different than the fiber cladding material.

The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing, powder making device for rare earth magnet alloy powder, and a rare earth magnet. The method comprises a process of fine grinding at least one kind of rare earth magnet alloy or at least one kind of rare earth magnet alloy coarse powder in inert jet stream with an oxygen content below 1000 ppm to obtain powder that has a grain size smaller than 50 m. Low oxygen content ultra-fine powder having a grain size smaller than 1 m is not separated from the pulverizer, and the oxygen content of the atmosphere is reduced to below 1000 ppm in the pulverizer when crushing the powder. Therefore, abnormal grain growth (AGG) rarely happens in the sintering process. A low oxygen content sintered magnet is obtained and the advantages of a simplified process and reduced manufacturing cost are realized.

Provided is an R-T-B based rare earth magnet. R is one or more rare earth elements, T is one or more transition metal elements essentially including Fe or Fe and Co, and B is boron. B content with respect to a total R-T-B based rare earth magnet is 0.80 mass % or more and 0.98 mass % or less. The R-T-B based rare earth magnet includes an R.sub.1T.sub.4B.sub.4 phase.

Provided is an R-T-B based rare earth magnet. R is one or more rare earth elements, T is one or more transition metal elements essentially including Fe or Fe and Co, and B is boron. B content with respect to a total R-T-B based rare earth magnet is 0.80 mass % or more and 0.98 mass % or less. The R-T-B based rare earth magnet includes an R.sub.1T.sub.4B.sub.4 phase.

Certain aspects of the technology disclosed herein include an apparatus and method for forming nanoparticles. The method includes a mechanical milling process induced by aerodynamic, centrifugal, and centripetal forces and further augmented by ultrasound, magnetic pulse, and high voltage impact. A nanoparticle mill having an atmospheric and luminance controlled environment can form precisely calibrated nanoparticles. A nanoparticle mill can include first aerodynamic vane configured to rotate around a central axis of the nanoparticle mill in a first direction, and a second aerodynamic vane configured to rotate around the central axis in a second direction. An aerodynamic shape of an aerodynamic vane can be configured to cause particles within the nanoparticle mill to flow around the aerodynamic vane. The nanoparticle mill can include a primary product line, a nanoparticle sampling line, a particle programming array, a solidifying chamber, or any combination thereof.

Certain aspects of the technology disclosed herein include an apparatus and method for forming nanoparticles. The method includes a mechanical milling process induced by aerodynamic, centrifugal, and centripetal forces and further augmented by ultrasound, magnetic pulse, and high voltage impact. A nanoparticle mill having an atmospheric and luminance controlled environment can form precisely calibrated nanoparticles. A nanoparticle mill can include first aerodynamic vane configured to rotate around a central axis of the nanoparticle mill in a first direction, and a second aerodynamic vane configured to rotate around the central axis in a second direction. An aerodynamic shape of an aerodynamic vane can be configured to cause particles within the nanoparticle mill to flow around the aerodynamic vane. The nanoparticle mill can include a primary product line, a nanoparticle sampling line, a particle programming array, a solidifying chamber, or any combination thereof.

Powder metallurgy technology is used to form metallic composites with a uniform distribution of nano-meter size particles within the metallic grains. The uniform distribution of the nano-meter particles is achieved by attaching the nano-meter particles to micron sized particles with surface properties capable of attracting the smaller particles, then blending the decorated particles with micron size metal powder. The blended powder is then powder metallurgy processed into billets that are metal-worked to complete the incorporation and uniform distribution of the nano-meter particles into the metallic composite.

This disclosure provides an improvement over the state of the art by teaching a low-cost method to produce feedstock powder, without undergoing a phase change, from industrially relevant wrought alloys that are widely available at low cost. The surfaces of aspherical particles are functionalized with particulates having a different size and composition than the particles, to control the solidification response of the feedstock. Some variations provide a metal-containing functionalized material comprising: a plurality of aspherical particles comprising a metal or a metal alloy; and a plurality of metal-containing or ceramic particulates that are assembled on surfaces of the aspherical particles, wherein the particulates are compositionally different than the aspherical particles. Methods of making and using the metal-containing functionalized materials are described. The invention provides an economic advantage over traditional gas-atomized or water-atomized metal powder feedstocks for powder-based metal additive manufacturing or other powder metallurgy processes.

A preparation of tantalum nanoparticles, its use, and a process for obtaining it by comminution, that is, a top-down process. The nanoparticle preparation has a composition, purity, defined particle granulometric profile and high specific surface area, making it useful in a variety of applications. A process for obtaining nanoparticles from mineral species containing tantalum through controlled comminution and without chemical reactions or contamination with reagents typical of nanoparticle synthesis. The process provides the large-scale obtaining of tantalum pentoxide nanoparticles with high purity, determined granulometric size profile and very high specific surface area, making their use practically viable in various industrial applications.

An apparatus and process for creating uniformly sized, spherical nanoparticles from a solid target. The solid target surface is ablated to create an ejecta event containing nanoparticles moving away from the target surface. Ablation may be performed by laser or electrostatic discharge. At least one continuous planar electromagnetic field is placed in front of the solid target surface being ablated. The electromagnetic field manipulates at least a portion of the nanoparticles as they move away from the target surface and pass through the electromagnetic field to increase size and spherical shape uniformity of the nanoparticles. The manipulated nanoparticles are collected as a stable suspension in a fluid.