An iron powder for an exothermic composition according to the present invention has a bulk density of 0.3 to 1.5 g/cm.sup.3. Furthermore, an exothermic composition according to the present invention contains the iron powder, a carbon material, a halide salt, and water. Furthermore, an exothermic body production method according to the present invention includes: forming a coated member by coating a base material sheet with a flowable exothermic composition containing the iron powder, a carbon material, and water; and adjusting an amount of moisture in the coated member by removing water from the coated member. Furthermore, the present invention is directed to a production method for the iron powder (an iron powder for an exothermic composition) including: a reducing step of reducing iron oxide to obtain reduced iron; and a step of milling the reduced iron. In the reducing step, the iron oxide is reduced by introducing iron oxide and a solid reductant with a volatile matter content of 10% by mass or more into a heating furnace whose internal portion contains no sulfur gas or is set to an air or inert gas atmosphere, and setting the internal portion to a reducing gas atmosphere through heating under a condition that an ambient temperature of the internal portion is from 900 to 1000° C.

An iron powder for an exothermic composition according to the present invention has a bulk density of 0.3 to 1.5 g/cm.sup.3. Furthermore, an exothermic composition according to the present invention contains the iron powder, a carbon material, a halide salt, and water. Furthermore, an exothermic body production method according to the present invention includes: forming a coated member by coating a base material sheet with a flowable exothermic composition containing the iron powder, a carbon material, and water; and adjusting an amount of moisture in the coated member by removing water from the coated member. Furthermore, the present invention is directed to a production method for the iron powder (an iron powder for an exothermic composition) including: a reducing step of reducing iron oxide to obtain reduced iron; and a step of milling the reduced iron. In the reducing step, the iron oxide is reduced by introducing iron oxide and a solid reductant with a volatile matter content of 10% by mass or more into a heating furnace whose internal portion contains no sulfur gas or is set to an air or inert gas atmosphere, and setting the internal portion to a reducing gas atmosphere through heating under a condition that an ambient temperature of the internal portion is from 900 to 1000° C.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for synthesis of spheroidized metal or metal alloy powders using microwave plasma processing. In some embodiments, the metal or metal alloy may comprise a highly ductile, soft, and/or malleable metal or metal alloy such that machining of the metal or metal alloy is difficult or impossible. In some embodiments, a volatile material is dispersed within the metal or metal alloy feedstock to enable machining and pre-processing of the feedstock. In some embodiments, the dispersed volatile material alters the physical properties of the feedstock, such that the metal or metal alloy, which is difficult to machine due to high ductility, softness, and/or malleability, is easily machined in a pre-processing step. In some embodiments, the pre-processed feedstock, can be fed into a plasma processing apparatus. In some embodiments, the volatile material dispersed within the feedstock material may be vaporized upon exposure to the microwave plasma apparatus. In some embodiments, plasma processing of the pre-processed feedstock material may synthesize pure, spheroidized metal or metal alloy particles, with substantially no contamination of the volatile material ion the final product.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for synthesis of spheroidized metal or metal alloy powders using microwave plasma processing. In some embodiments, the metal or metal alloy may comprise a highly ductile, soft, and/or malleable metal or metal alloy such that machining of the metal or metal alloy is difficult or impossible. In some embodiments, a volatile material is dispersed within the metal or metal alloy feedstock to enable machining and pre-processing of the feedstock. In some embodiments, the dispersed volatile material alters the physical properties of the feedstock, such that the metal or metal alloy, which is difficult to machine due to high ductility, softness, and/or malleability, is easily machined in a pre-processing step. In some embodiments, the pre-processed feedstock, can be fed into a plasma processing apparatus. In some embodiments, the volatile material dispersed within the feedstock material may be vaporized upon exposure to the microwave plasma apparatus. In some embodiments, plasma processing of the pre-processed feedstock material may synthesize pure, spheroidized metal or metal alloy particles, with substantially no contamination of the volatile material ion the final product.

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor comprising a reaction chamber for particulate matter, the reaction chamber having at least one particulate matter inlet (3) for the particulate matter and at least one primary particulate matter outlet for the particulate matter, and a fluidizing grate having multiple openings for an operating fluid to fluidize particulate matter above the fluidizing grate.

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor comprising a reaction chamber for particulate matter, the reaction chamber having at least one particulate matter inlet (3) for the particulate matter and at least one primary particulate matter outlet for the particulate matter, and a fluidizing grate having multiple openings for an operating fluid to fluidize particulate matter above the fluidizing grate.

A samarium-iron-nitrogen based magnet, wherein a samarium oxide phase is formed on at least a part of a surface of a crystal grain, and wherein an atomic ratio of calcium to a total amount of iron group elements, rare earth elements, and calcium is 0.4% or less.

A samarium-iron-nitrogen based magnet, wherein a samarium oxide phase is formed on at least a part of a surface of a crystal grain, and wherein an atomic ratio of calcium to a total amount of iron group elements, rare earth elements, and calcium is 0.4% or less.

A method (100) for producing a particulate titanium alloy product can include preparing (110) a composite particulate oxide mixture with TiO.sub.2 powder and at least one alloying element powder. The composite particulate oxide mixture can be co-reduced (120) using a metallic reducing agent under a hydrogen atmosphere at a reduction temperature for a reduction time sufficient to produce a hydrogenated titanium alloy product. The hydrogenated titanium alloy product can then be heat treated (130) under a hydrogen atmosphere and a heat treating temperature to reduce pore size and specific surface area to form a heat treated hydrogenated titanium product. The heat treated hydrogenated titanium product can be deoxygenated (140) to reduce residual oxygen to less than 0.2 wt % to form a deoxygenated hydrogenated titanium product as a particulate. The deoxygenated hydrogenated titanium product can optionally be dehydrogenated (150) to form the titanium alloy product as a particulate.

A method (100) for producing a particulate titanium alloy product can include preparing (110) a composite particulate oxide mixture with TiO.sub.2 powder and at least one alloying element powder. The composite particulate oxide mixture can be co-reduced (120) using a metallic reducing agent under a hydrogen atmosphere at a reduction temperature for a reduction time sufficient to produce a hydrogenated titanium alloy product. The hydrogenated titanium alloy product can then be heat treated (130) under a hydrogen atmosphere and a heat treating temperature to reduce pore size and specific surface area to form a heat treated hydrogenated titanium product. The heat treated hydrogenated titanium product can be deoxygenated (140) to reduce residual oxygen to less than 0.2 wt % to form a deoxygenated hydrogenated titanium product as a particulate. The deoxygenated hydrogenated titanium product can optionally be dehydrogenated (150) to form the titanium alloy product as a particulate.