A joined body includes: a thin plate including through holes; a first member including a proximal portion having a portion contacting the thin plate, and a protruding portion that protrudes in relation to a contact surface of the proximal portion and is inserted through the through hole; and a second member arranged oppositely to the proximal portion via the thin plate and made of a material that is same as that of the first member. The thin plate is made of a material having a specific gravity smaller than that of the material forming the first and the second members. The second member and an end portion of the protruding portion are connected to each other, by a part of the second member and a part of the end portion being melt-solidified, the end portion being at a side opposite to a side connected to the proximal portion.

An apparatus includes a housing, a pin, a mechanism and a sensor. The housing is configured to receive a weld head. The pin is configured to move linearly relative to said housing. The mechanism is configured to convert a position of said pin into a displacement. The sensor is configured to generate a value representative of said position of said pin based on said displacement.

A welding electrode apparatus has an electrode base, and electrode tip, and a locking ring that clamps the tip to the base, and that, when released, permits the tip to be replaced when worn. The locking ring and electrode tip co-operate to define an accommodation for a machine fed nut. The locking ring has a non-electrically conductive end face, and stands proud of the tip of the electrode. The locking ring has an unobstructed outside peripheral face suitable for gripping and tightening or loosening with a wrench. The locking ring has an internal, annular fluid cooling gallery and inlet and outlet ports tapped into the gallery. The cross-section of the gallery is non circular. The wall thickness of the part is roughly constant. On assembly and installation, the locking ring clamps to the tip and base, and provides a thermal conduction heat path to each of them.

A welding apparatus for resistance-welding a tubular member and a bar member includes: a positioning jig configured to make contact with the bar member from one side of the bar member in a direction perpendicular to an extending direction of the bar member; a first power supply jig configured to press the bar member from the other side of the bar member in the direction; a second power supply jig provided on an anti-bar member side of the tubular member and configured to apply pressure to contact surfaces of the bar member and the tubular member; and means for supplying, with the bar member pressed between the positioning jig and the first power supply jig and the second power supply jig applying pressure to the contact surfaces, electric current to the first power supply jig, the bar member, the contact surfaces, the tubular member and the second power supply jig.

In order to further improve a method for joining a multilayer component (10) to another component (11) in a way that allows the multilayer component (10) to be mechanically and electrically joined to other elements, it is provided that an intermediate layer (14) of the multilayer component (10) be displaced in the region of the joining site (32), and that the two outer structural elements (12, 13) of the multilayer component be joined to one another by applying an electric voltage; and that the other component (11) be joined as a fastening element to the multilayer component (10) in the region of the joining site (32).

A method for welding balls provides a component, provides at least two balls, places at least one first ball of the at least two balls on the component, and applies an electrical voltage in such a manner that a current flows through the at least two balls and through the component, wherein the at least two balls are simultaneously welded together and the first ball is simultaneously welded to the component.

A method produces a component, particularly a body component for a vehicle, or a component composite consisting of several components. The steps include forming a metal plate in a forming tool, particularly in a deep-drawing die, producing a reference marking at a predefined location of the metal plate, rough positioning of the formed metal plate by a positioning device such that the reference marking is situated in a predefined space area, identifying the reference marking of a position recognition device, such as a camera system, the position recognition device generating position data corresponding to the position of the reference marking, positioning of a first fixing element at the location of the reference marking based on the position data by an electronically controlled positioning device, and connecting the first fixing element with the formed metal plate, particularly by welding.

A welded portion forming structure forms a welded portion that joins a valve seat and a cylinder head main body. If the distance in a radial direction between a vertex of a corner, which is formed by a first surface and a second surface of the convex portion, and the first origin portion is assumed to be A, and the distance in the radial direction between the vertex and the second origin portion is assumed to be B, then a relation that satisfies all of A>0, AB, and B0 holds. Moreover, an angle which a first joint surface of the valve seat forms with an axial direction and an angle which the second joint surface forms with the axial direction are equal.

An anchoring assembly for anchoring a liner of a cured lining material arranged to be applied in liquid form to a metal object provided with the anchoring assembly, the anchoring assembly including an elongated mounting pin and a ferrule provided at a first end thereof, wherein the pin is arranged to be mounted at the first end to the metal object, the anchoring assembly further including a plurality of spaced anchor fins connected to the pin at a second end and extending radially outward relative to the pin, wherein the ferrule includes a radially outwardly extending place holder part arranged to be held by a ferrule holder during mounting of the pin at the first end to the metal object.

An anchoring assembly for anchoring a liner of a cured lining material arranged to be applied in liquid form to a metal object provided with the anchoring assembly, the anchoring assembly including an elongated mounting pin and a ferrule provided at a first end thereof, wherein the pin is arranged to be mounted at the first end to the metal object, the anchoring assembly further including a plurality of spaced anchor fins connected to the pin at a second end and extending radially outward relative to the pin, wherein the ferrule includes a radially outwardly extending place holder part arranged to be held by a ferrule holder during mounting of the pin at the first end to the metal object.