B23K20/1295

Apparatus and Methods for Friction Welding Appurtenances to Storage Tanks

Some implementations of ignition-free welding include attaching fasteners to a tank, the tank having a wall, the wall having two parallel surfaces, the fasteners penetrating only one of the parallel surfaces, wherein the tank resides within a vicinity of a hazardous material, includes securing an appurtenance to the tank using the fasteners; and does not include removing the hazardous material.