A preferable aspect of the present invention provides a hot-rolled steel sheet with excellent low-temperature toughness, a steel pipe using the same, and a manufacturing method therefor, wherein the hot-rolled steel sheet contains, by weight, 0.35-0.65% C, 0.01-0.4% Si, 13-26% Mn, 0.01-0.3% Ti, 0.01% or less B, 4% or less Al, 1-6% Cr, 0.05% or less P, 0.02% or less S, 0.01% or less N, 0.01-2% Cu, 0.001-0.015% Nb, and the balance Fe and other unavoidable impurities, the alloy elements satisfying the following relational formulas[Relational formula 1] 70<[10*(C/12)+(Mn/55)+(Al/27)]*100<95 and [Relational formula 2] 4<100*(Cr/52+100*(Nb/93))<9; wherein a microstructure comprises, by area fraction, 97% or more (including 100%) of austenite and 3% or less (including 0%) of a carbide, the crystal grain size of the austenite being 18-30 m or less; and wherein the size of the carbide is 0.5 m or less.

A flux-free brazing aluminum alloy brazing sheet includes: a core material formed of aluminum alloy comprising Si of 0.50 to 0.90 mass %, Cu of 0.30 to 2.50 mass %, and Mn of 1.40 to 1.80 mass %, with a Mg content limited to 0.05 mass % or less, and with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities; an intermediate material being formed of aluminum alloy comprising Mg of 0.40 to 1.00 mass %, and Zn of 2.00 to 6.00 mass %, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities; and a brazing material being formed of aluminum alloy comprising Si of 6.00 to 13.00 mass %, Mg of 0.05 to 0.40 mass %, and Bi of 0.010 to 0.050 mass %, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities.

A universal approach is described to produce welding filler materials with enhanced grain refining, for making welded objects with hot-crack resistance. Some variations provide a welding filler material comprising a functionalized metal-containing powder, wherein the functionalized metal-containing powder comprises metal or metal alloy particles and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on surfaces of the metal or metal alloy particles, and wherein the nanoparticles are consolidated in a three-dimensional architecture throughout the welding filler material. A welded object contains a welding filler material comprising the functionalized metal-containing powder, enabling the welded object to be free of hot cracks. Other variations provide methods of making a welding filler material. This approach has been successfully demonstrated by incorporating zirconium-based nanoparticle grain refiners within a welding precursor material for welding aluminum alloy Al 7075, as one non-limiting example.

A metal strip is provided having a casting-wheel side that has been solidified on an outer surface of a heat sink, an opposing, air side and a microstructure. The microstructure is at least 80 vol. % amorphous or has at least 80 vol. % nanocrystalline grains and a residual amorphous matrix in which at least 80% of the nanocrystalline grains have an average grain size of less than 50 nm and a random orientation. The air side of the metal strip has a surface crystallisation proportion of less than 23%.

A method of making a brazing foil includes flattening the brazing foil to a minimum thickness. Calculating a quantity of material to remove from the brazing foil. Cutting a plurality of perforations into the brazing foil to remove the quantity of material.

An aluminum alloy heat exchanger includes a core material formed of an aluminum alloy including Mn of 0.60 to 2.00 mass % and Cu of 1.00 mass % or less, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities, and a sacrificial anode material formed of an aluminum alloy including Zn of 2.50 to 10.00 mass %, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities. Pitting potential of a sacrificial anode material surface of a tube of the aluminum alloy heat exchanger in a 5% NaCl solution is 800 (mV vs Ag/AgCl) or less, and pitting potential of an aluminum fin of the aluminum alloy heat exchanger in a 5% NaCl solution is equal to or more than the pitting potential of the sacrificial anode material surface of the tube of the aluminum alloy heat exchanger in a 5% NaCl solution.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an alloy as a brazing alloy for an electric switch braze joint, an electric switch braze joint, an electric switch and a method of producing an electric switch braze joint. The alloy composition of said the alloy consists of at least one element selected from each of group I and group II listed below, and a balance of impurities, Ag, and at least one of Cu, and Zn. Group I encompasses Cd, Mn, Ni, P, Sb, Si, Sn, Ti, and oxides thereof in a total amount of 0.5 to 45.0 wt. %. Group II encompasses Bi, Mo, Te, W, and oxides thereof, oxides of Cu and Zn in a total amount of 0.1 to 15.0 wt. %.

A tool includes a cemented carbide part and a maraging steel part, wherein the two parts are joined by brazing. The cemented carbide part has a hard phase embedded in a metallic binder phase matrix. The maraging steel part has a hardness of between 350 and 600 HV1 with a standard deviation between 0 and 20 HV1. A method of making such tool is also provided.

An airfoil includes a first airfoil piece and a second airfoil piece that is bonded to the first airfoil piece at a joint. The first airfoil piece and the second airfoil piece are formed of aluminum alloys. At least one of the aluminum alloys is an aluminum alloy composition that has greater than 0.8% by weight of zinc. The joint includes a braze element of magnesium, zinc, or combinations thereof in a higher concentration than in other portions of the first airfoil piece and the second airfoil piece.

A soldering material (1) for active soldering, in particular for active soldering of a metallization (3) to a carrier layer (2) comprising ceramics, wherein the soldering material comprises copper and is substantially silver-free.