An apparatus and method for fastening dissimilar metals like steel and aluminum utilizes a steel rivet and a spot welding machine. The rivet and metals are stacked and the heat from the welder's electric current softens the lower melting point aluminum allowing the rivet to penetrate the aluminum and weld to the steel layer. The fastener may be used to join stacks with several layers of different materials and may be used to apply a threaded socket or stud made from steel or titanium to an aluminum or magnesium alloy structure. Layers of non-conductive materials like plastic and ceramics may also be affixed to a conductive layer using the fastener made from a compatible material that extends through a pilot hole.

A method of manufacturing a steel part including a support part and a portion formed by a filler metal in the form of molten metal on the support part to form a heat affected zone and a molten zone between the HAZ and the portion formed by adding molten metal. The support part is made of a 70-100% martensitic microstructure steel, the composition of which consists of defined percentages of: C; N; Mn; Si; Al; S+P; Cr; Ni; Mo+W; Cu; Ti+Nb+Zr+V+Ta; Co; Sn+Pb; and B; the remainder being iron. The composition of the filler metal before use consists of defined percentages of: C; N; Mn; Si; Cr; Ni; Mo+W; Cu; Co; B; S+P; Ti+Nb+Zr+V+Ta; Sn+Pb; the remainder being iron.

An apparatus and method for fastening dissimilar metals like steel and aluminum utilizes a steel rivet and a spot welding machine. The rivet and metals are stacked and the heat from the welder's electric current softens the lower melting point aluminum allowing the rivet to penetrate the aluminum and weld to the steel layer. The fastener may be used to join stacks with several layers of different materials and may be used to apply a threaded socket or stud made from steel or titanium to an aluminum or magnesium alloy structure. Layers of non-conductive materials like plastic and ceramics may also be affixed to a conductive layer using the fastener made from a compatible material that extends through a pilot hole.

An apparatus and method for fastening layers of non-ferrous alloys, like aluminum, magnesium and copper utilizes a steel fastener and a spot welding machine. The fastener and metals are stacked and the heat from the welder's electric current softens the lower melting point aluminum allowing the fastener to penetrate the aluminum. A weld zone between the fastener and the various layers creates an internal weld. The fastener has a rough shaft that is coated by the molten weld zone and is hard to withdraw on solidification. Layers of non-conductive materials like plastics and ceramics may also be affixed to a conductive layer using a fastener made from a compatible material that extends through a pilot hole and welds to or penetrates a conductive layer. The fastener may have projections that initially reduce contact area with the stack.

In one aspect, there is disclosed a drawn arc fastener welding process that includes the steps of providing a fastener positioned in a welding tool, providing a weld control, providing a work piece, contacting the fastener against the work piece, energizing a pilot current, lifting the fastener from the work piece and drawing a pilot arc, energizing a main arc for a predetermined duration, short circuiting the fastener relative to the work piece, cyclically redrawing an arc and short circuiting the fastener relative to the work piece at least one additional cycle, dynamically sensing an arc voltage and calculating a derivative signal of the voltage over time for each drawn arc and short circuit of the cycle wherein a position and motion of the fastener relative to the work piece is controlled and the energizing of the arc is controlled, and plunging the fastener into the work piece forming a weld.

An apparatus and method for fastening dissimilar materials like steel, plastic and aluminum. A resistance welding fastener having multiple layers may be used with or without a sealant. The fastener may be used to form an aluminum covered steel laminate via a hemming pattern of attachment. The fastener may have a solid shaft or have an extended reach and have features for interacting with the welding electrode. A variety of electrode tips may be employed to cooperate with the fastener.

An apparatus and method for fastening dissimilar metals like steel and aluminum utilizes a steel rivet and a spot welding machine. The rivet and metals are stacked and the heat from the welder's electric current softens the lower melting point aluminum allowing the rivet to penetrate the aluminum and weld to the steel layer. The fastener may be used to join stacks with several layers of different materials and may be used to apply a threaded socket or stud made from steel or titanium to an aluminum or magnesium alloy structure. Layers of non-conductive materials like plastic and ceramics may also be affixed to a conductive layer using the fastener made from a compatible material that extends through a pilot hole.

Weld studs for use in fluid control bodies are described herein. An example apparatus includes a fluid control body and a weld stud coupled to the fluid control body. The weld stud is to accept a structure to be coupled to the fluid control body.

There is provided a welding material used for welding of SUS310 stainless steel base metal that contains at least one of Nb and V and is excellent in intergranular corrosion resistance, the chemical composition of the welding material consisting, by mass percent, of C: 0.02% or less, Si: 2% or less, Mn: 2% or less, Cr: 26 to 50%, N: 0.15% or less, P: 0.02% or less, S: 0.002% or less, and Ni: a content percentage satisfying [5NiCr14], and the balance of Fe and impurities. Also, there is provided a welding joint of an austenitic stainless steel, which consists of the base metal and a weld metal formed by using the welding material.

A weld stud for drawn-arc stud welding has a functional portion and a welding portion which represents one end of the weld stud and which is delimited by a front face that is curved outwards in a longitudinal direction of the weld stud.