A workpiece transfer device includes a base unit extending in a first direction, a housing unit disposed upright from the base unit in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, a slide unit disposed at a housed position to be housed in the housing unit, a slide unit-moving mechanism configured to move the slide unit from the housed position, a linear guide unit configured to guide the slide unit in the second direction, and a workpiece grasp unit disposed on a first surface of the slide unit near an end of the slide unit remote from the base unit and configured to grasp a workpiece W. A separation distance between the base unit and an end of the workpiece grasp unit adjacent to the base unit is less than a separation distance between the base unit and the end of the slide unit remote from the base unit.