The invention relates to a dental machine tool, in particular a dental milling machine (10), having a tool (12) that is changeable in particular via a tool bank (16), and a workpiece holder (14) for receiving a workpiece such as a dental blank made of ceramic, composite or plastics material such as PMMA, and having a housing (24) which is closable during machining by the machine tool, and having a negative-pressure connection to the housing (24). At least one air nozzle (30) that is fitted on or in the housing (24) is directed towards the workpiece and/or the workpiece holder (14) and/or the tool (12) and/or the tool bank (16) and/or a pane of a front flap of the machine tool. Said air nozzle (30) is equipped with at least one electrode for generating an electric field in the region of the nozzle or in front of the latter, and at least one nozzle comprising at least one electrode is directed towards that side of the workpiece or of the workpiece holder (14) on which the tool (12) machines the workpiece. At least two electrodes of an ionizer extend in a spaced-apart manner over a substantial part of the housing (24), and as a result of the application of an in particular pulsating AC voltage provides spatial deionization of the air flowing through the housing (24) and/or deionization of the surfaces of the workpiece, workpiece holder (14), tool (12) and/or window (28) and of the chips produced by the machining operation.

A rotary tool includes a shank, cutting portion, coolant inlet, coolant outlet, and channel system. The cutting portion is connected to and extends from the shank. The cutting portion includes a cutting edge. The coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are disposed in the shank. The channel system is contained in the rotary tool and is a closed circulation loop system such that the coolant is contained within the channel system as the coolant is circulated within the rotary tool. The channel system includes a delivery path and a return path. The delivery path is fluidly connected to the coolant inlet and includes a shape corresponding to a shape of the cutting edge. The return path is fluidly connected to the coolant outlet and to the delivery path at a location in the cutting portion of the rotary tool.

The invention relates to machining a workpiece. In the inventive a pair of a workpiece and a tool materials are selected, and the workpiece material machined with the tool. At the same time with the machining there is the step of providing an external, charged gaseous medium to a working zone, workpiece and tool contacts. The formed charged polarity of the gaseous medium depends on the pair of the selected workpiece and the tool materials to harmonize their generated internal thermal energy and electric charge, enthalpy levels and electrochemical reactions in the working zone, workpiece and tool during the machining.

A device for cooling and lubricating a tool during a chip removal machining process, which includes: a first subsystem for cryogenic cooling that includes: a first entry configured to introduce CO.sub.2 in liquid state in a first conduit of the device; a first exit configured to supply CO.sub.2 in liquid state from a second conduit of the device; a third conduit located between the first and second conduit; and means for preventing the formation of dry ice in the first, second and third conduits; and a second subsystem for lubrication that includes means for supplying micro-particles of a cutting oil in liquid state; wherein the first subsystem and second subsystem are independent from each other, and wherein the first subsystem and second subsystem are configured to act either simultaneously or either one alone. Method of operation of the device.

A method for supplying cutting oil in a machine tool for cutting work pieces, including the steps of retaining cutting oil in a minimum reference quantity or an initial reference quantity in the cutting-oil tank, measuring a supply quantity per unit time q of the cutting oil flowing out from the cutting-oil tank and supplied to a cutting area of work pieces, either supplying the cutting oil to the cutting-oil tank by a quantity per unit time q larger than q and the supply is stopped in the case where the cutting-oil tank is filled, and the supplying and stopping are repeated as necessary, or supplying the cutting oil to the cutting-oil tank by a quantity per unit time equal to the supply quantity per unit time q.

A process of eliminating friction and increasing structural hardness and durability and increasing longevity in the fabrication of metallic structures including at least one mechanical machining device with at least one cutting device, at least one element of material stock, and a reactionary lubricant, the process having the steps of placing the material stock on the working surface of a mechanical machining device, initiating the machining device wherein a cutting device will spin and be used to shape a firearm component, adding the reactionary lubricant to both the spinning drill bit engaged in shaping the firearm component and the firearm component's surface, and by an in situ chemical formation process the firearm component will obtain a layer of graphene formed through the friction, heat, and pressure bearing on spinning drill bit and firearm component surface, reducing the asperities in the material of the firearm component as the component is machined.

A coolant distribution system uses two premixed streams of coolant at either extreme of a concentration range, and mixes these two streams in the correct percentage to obtain the desired concentration. Mixing the two streams follows a pulse width approach, and the system may use a manifold to deliver fluid to multiple machines.

This application presents a method and apparatus for cooling a through-ported cutting tool with a source of liquid CO.sub.2 with a compressed air line with a compressed air inlet and multiple CO.sub.2 injection capillary segments; the capillary segments interconnect to the same source of liquid CO.sub.2 and can have high pressure valves and throttles; the throttles have different sizes; a first capillary ends near the cutting tool; the second capillary ends near the compressed air inlet. Using a particular sequence of opening or closing the valves to the liquid CO.sub.2 to the capillaries, mixing with the compressed air provides and recycling the residual CO.sub.2, this invention provides for uniform and controlled cooling of the cutting tool within a certain temperature range.

A device for cooling and lubricating a tool during a chip removal machining process, which includes: a first subsystem for cryogenic cooling that includes: a first entry configured to introduce CO.sub.2 in liquid state in a first conduit of the device; a first exit configured to supply CO.sub.2 in liquid state from a second conduit of the device; a third conduit located between the first and second conduit; and means for preventing the formation of dry ice in the first, second and third conduits; and a second subsystem for lubrication that includes means for supplying micro-particles of a cutting oil in liquid state; wherein the first subsystem and second subsystem are independent from each other, and wherein the first subsystem and second subsystem are configured to act either simultaneously or either one alone. Method of operation of the device.

A method for heat treating a horological component includes the following steps: heating of the component by irradiation, using a laser beam, of at least 80% or at least 90% of the projected surface of the component parallel to the direction of the laser beam, and cooling of the component in a gas stream.