A mechanical positioning structure includes a first positioning mechanism, a fixing post arranged through a central axis of the first positioning mechanism, a first driving mechanism, a second positioning mechanism rotationally arranged on the fixing post and coupled to the first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism, and a platform. One end of the first driving mechanism is fixed on the fixing post. Another end of the first driving mechanism is slidably arranged on the first positioning mechanism. The second driving mechanism is arranged on the second positioning mechanism. The platform is arranged on the second driving mechanism. The first driving mechanism drives the second positioning mechanism to move on a surface of the first positioning mechanism and rotate the second positioning mechanism around the fixing post. The second driving mechanism drives the platform to move on the second positioning mechanism.

In robot teaching programming, a robot teaching programming method, apparatus and system, and a computer-readable medium, can realize the programming of a robot simply, and are not restricted in terms of robot types. A robot teaching programming system includes a movable apparatus for imitating movement of an end effector of a robot in a working space of the robot; a robot teaching programming apparatus for recording first movement information of the movable apparatus in a first coordinate system and converting the same to second movement information in a second coordinate system of the robot, and then programming the robot according to the second movement information. Using a movable apparatus to simulate an end effector of a robot has the advantages of ease of operation, and no restrictions in terms of robot types. Teaching programming is accomplished through simple coordinate transformation, and there is no need for advanced programming skills.

A robot according to an embodiment includes a first link, a second link, an actuator, and an external gear. The second link is rotatably connected to the first link. The actuator rotationally drives the second link. The external gear is connected to the actuator. The second link includes an internal gear engaged with the external gear.

Certain aspects relate to systems and techniques for driving axial motion of a shaft of a medical instrument using a drive device. Axial motion can include insertion and/or retraction of the instrument. For example, a robotic medical system can include a medical instrument comprising an instrument base and a flexible shaft configured for insertion into a patient, and a first robotic arm attachable to the instrument base of the medical instrument. The system also includes a drive device configured to engage the flexible shaft, and a second robotic arm attachable to the drive device. The second robotic arm is configured to operate the drive device to drive axial motion of the flexible shaft, and the first robotic arm is configured to move in coordination with operation of the drive device.

The invention relates to a targeted seed implanting robot suitable for clinical human lithotomy position. The targeted seed implanting robot includes a rack, and further includes a position and posture adjusting mechanism, a contact force feedback friction wheel type targeted seed implant and a sine elastic amplification moment compensation mechanism; and the specific use steps are as follows: S1, driving; S2, meshing; S3, swing; S4, transverse movement; S5, compensation moment; S6, linear motion; S7, rotary motion; S8, detection; and S9, transmission of information. The sine elastic amplification moment compensation mechanism is adopted to realize the compensation of lower weight moment of any position shape of a big arm, reduce fluctuation of driving moment, improve stability of tail-end low-speed operation of the robot, combined with the position and posture adjusting mechanism, an external pin of an implant can adjust an incidence angle of the external pin in a fixed-point mode, and in addition, contact force feedback friction wheel type targeted seed implant installed at the tail end of the position and posture adjusting mechanism improves the force information perception ability in the targeted seed implanting process.

A robotic surgical tool includes a drive housing having a first end, a second end, and a lead screw extending between the first and second ends, a carriage movably mounted to the lead screw, and an activating mechanism coupled to the carriage. The activating mechanism includes a motor mounted to the carriage and operable to rotate a drive gear, and a driven gear engageable with the drive gear such that rotation of the drive gear causes the driven gear to rotate and thereby actuate the activating mechanism.

A robotic surgical tool includes a drive housing having first and second ends, a carriage movably mounted to the drive housing, and a shaft extending from the carriage and penetrating the first end, the shaft having an end effector arranged at a distal end. An activating mechanism is secured to the carriage and includes a transmission link pivotably coupled to the carriage, a transmission drive gear rotatably mounted to a transmission link, a drive gear rotatably mounted to the carriage and operatively coupled to the transmission drive gear, and a transmission driven gear rotatably mounted to the transmission link and driven by rotation of the transmission drive gear. The transmission link is pivotable between a first and second positions to actuate the activating mechanism to perform first and second functions, respectively, of the end effector.

A robotic surgical tool includes a drive housing having first and second ends, at least one spline extending between the first and second ends and including a drive gear that rotates with rotation of the spline, and a carriage mounted to the spline. A closure tube extends from the carriage through the first end and has an end effector arranged at a distal end. An activating mechanism is housed in the carriage and includes a driven gear coupled to the drive gear such that rotation of the drive gear rotates the driven gear, and a carrier arranged at a proximal end of the closure tube and coupled to the driven gear such that rotation of the driven gear moves the carrier and the closure tube axially along a longitudinal axis of the closure tube. Moving the closure tube along the longitudinal axis closes or opens end effector jaws.

A robotic surgical system includes a surgical tool including a drive housing having first and second ends, a carriage movably mounted to the drive housing, and an elongate shaft extending from the carriage and penetrating the first end, the shaft having an end effector arranged at a distal end. An instrument driver is arranged at an end of a robotic arm and includes a body having proximal and distal ends and defining a central aperture extending between the proximal and distal ends, the shaft and the end effector penetrate the instrument driver by extending through the central aperture, an outer housing extending between the proximal and distal ends, a tool drive assembly provided at the proximal end and extending into the outer housing, and a drive motor operatively coupled to the tool drive assembly and operable to cause the tool drive assembly to rotate relative to the outer housing.

A robotic surgical tool includes a handle having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, an exoskeleton extending between the first and second ends and having a non-circular cross-section and a carriage movably arranged within the exoskeleton and having a non-circular cross-section compatible with the non-circular cross-section of the exoskeleton. The robotic surgical tool also includes an elongate shaft extending from the carriage and penetrating the first end, the shaft having an end effector arranged at a distal end thereof The carriage is movable between the first and second ends to advance or retract the end effector relative to the handle where the exoskeleton guides the carriage between the first and second ends.