Cable-actuated differential enabling N degrees of freedom provided by a plurality of pulleys and at least N+1 tensioning cables. The cable-actuated differential increases a dynamic force range by minimizing co-activation of the tensioning cables at any operating point. A cable-actuated differential having three cables provides motor based control of a 2 DOF joint that can be applied to robots or teleoperation. A cable-actuated mechanical differential having opposing bevel gears and a middle bevel gear meshed with the opposing gear allows an output connector to controllably and independently rotate about the x axis or y axis via three operational modes without backlash.

A robot arm comprising a joint mechanism for articulating one limb of the arm relative to another limb of the arm about two non-parallel rotation axes, the mechanism comprising: an intermediate carrier attached to a first one of the limbs by a first revolute joint having a first rotation axis and to a second one of the limbs by a second revolute joint having a second rotation axis; a first drive gear disposed about the first rotation axis, the first drive gear being fast with the carrier; a second drive gear disposed about the second rotation axis, the second drive gear being fast with the second one of the limbs; a first drive shaft for driving the first drive gear to rotate about the first rotation axis, the first drive shaft extending along the first one of the limbs and having a first shaft gear thereon, the first shaft gear being arranged to engage the first drive gear; a second drive shaft for driving the second drive gear to rotate about the second rotation axis, the second drive shaft extending along the first one of the limbs and having a second shaft gear thereon, the second shaft gear being arranged to engage the second drive gear; the second drive shaft comprising a prismatic joint whereby the length of the shaft can vary in response to motion of the carrier about the first axis.

A robotic instrument comprising an arm extending between a robot arm connection and an attachment for an end effector, the arm comprising: a first arm part; a second arm part distal of the first arm part; and a joint whereby the first and second arm parts are coupled together, the joint permitting the first and second arm parts to rotate relative to each other about at least two mutually offset axes; a control rod attached to the second part of the arm at a location spaced from the first and second axes, the control rod extending distally of that location along the first arm part; and a drive mechanism for driving the control rod to move relative to the first arm part and thereby alter the attitude of the second arm part relative to the first arm part.

A lamellar cover for use with an articulating joint is disclosed. The cover includes an annular retainer positionable adjacent a first portion of the articulating joint. A retainer fitting is positionable adjacent a second portion of the articulating joint that is moveable with respect to the first portion. A plurality of overlapping lamellar rings are supported between the annular retainer and the retainer fitting. Each lamellar ring includes a circular support ring, such as an o-ring, and a plurality of lamellas coupled to the circular support ring. One or more connectors extend between adjacent lamellar rings. Each of the plurality of overlapping lamellar rings has a ring diameter. One or more of the ring diameters decrease in size with respect to each other from the annular retainer to the retainer fitting thereby forming a tapered cover around the articulating joint.

A parallel link robot includes a base, a movable part, link mechanisms, and actuators. The movable part is movable along a center axis. The first, second and third link mechanisms are provided around the center axis with angular intervals in a circumferential direction around the center axis to project outwardly along a radial direction with respect to the center axis. Each of the first, second and third link mechanisms connects the base and the movable part to move the movable part along the center axis. The angular intervals have an acute angular interval with an acute angle. The first, second and third actuators are provided at the base to be connected to the first, second and third link mechanisms respectively so as to drive the first, second and third link mechanisms respectively.

A lockable connector device and system is described. An example lockable connector device includes a first spherical body connected to a first end of a shaft and a plurality of appendages connected to a second end of the shaft. The appendages partially encase a second spherical body and an actuator connected to the appendages, where the actuator is comprised of synthetic muscles that compress to lock the second spherical body.

A robot arm comprising a joint mechanism for articulating one limb of the arm relative to another limb of the arm about two non-parallel rotation axes, the mechanism comprising: an intermediate carrier attached to a first one of the limbs by a first revolute joint having a pitch rotation axis and to a second one of the limbs by a second revolute joint having a yaw rotation axis; a first drive gear disposed about the pitch rotation axis, the first drive gear being fast with the carrier; a second drive gear disposed about the yaw rotation axis, the second drive gear being fast with the second one of the limbs; a first drive shaft for driving the first drive gear to rotate about the pitch rotation axis, the first drive shaft extending along the first one of the limbs and having a first shaft gear thereon, the first shaft gear being arranged to engage the first drive gear; a second drive shaft for driving the second drive gear to rotate about the yaw rotation axis, the second drive shaft extending along the first one of the limbs and having a second shaft gear thereon; and an intermediate gear train borne by the carrier and coupling the second shaft gear to the second drive gear.

A collaborative robot motion gauge determines a motion of a collaborative robot and includes: a bar; a dextral metrology member disposed on the bar; a dextral motion coupler moveably disposed on the bar; a dextral displacement sensor disposed on the dextral metrology member in communication with the dextral motion coupler; a dextral arm coupler disposed on the dextral motion coupler and that: couples to a dextral arm of the collaborative robot to the dextral motion coupler; communicates motion of the dextral arm to the dextral displacement sensor; and moves the dextral motion coupler in response to motion of the dextral arm; a sinistral metrology member disposed on the bar at a sinistral position; a sinistral motion coupler; a sinistral displacement sensor in communication with the sinistral motion coupler; and a sinistral arm coupler that couples a sinistral arm to the sinistral motion coupler.

An effector system includes: a plurality of effector assemblies configured to engage a target object; a base having a plurality of mounting surfaces for movably supporting the effector assemblies; a plurality of actuators coupled to the base, each actuator including: an actuator housing defining a conduit having a first end and a second end; an output member slidable within the conduit; a first shape-memory transducer affixed between the first end and the output member; a second shape-memory transducer affixed between the second end and the output member; an electrical subassembly configured to control each actuator to cause the output member to slide towards a selected one of the first end and the second end; and a plurality of linkages between respective output members and effector assemblies, each linkage configured to move a corresponding effector assembly relative to the base in response to sliding of the respective output member.

A device and method for judging the presence or absence of an abnormal clearance between paring elements of a passive joint of a robot. The device has sections configured to: calculate a score for each motion path, wherein the score is increased when the paring elements of an objective pair collide with each other and is decreased when the paring elements of the other pair collide with each other; generate a robot motion for moving the robot along the motion path having the score not lower than a predetermined threshold; measure a drive torque or a current value of a motor when the robot is moved according to the generated robot motion; calculate an index value based on a magnitude of variation of the measured drive torque or current value; and judge as to whether the abnormal clearance exists in the objective pair, based on the index value.