Seed sensors for determining seed placement in a furrow to then target at least one of fluid and solid application with respect to the seed are described herein. Plant sensors for determining location of plants within a field and then targeting at least one of fluid and solid application with respect to the plant are also described herein.

A fertilizer-application method comprises (a) receiving an aqueous solution of a cyanamide compound into a heated segment of a hydrolyzer; (b) allowing the cyanamide compound to hydrolyze in the heated segment, thereby forming an aqueous cyanamide hydrolysate (ACH); (c) allowing the ACH to cool under pressure; and (d) applying the ACH, after cooling, to soil.

Disclosed is an agricultural air injection apparatus including: a compressor for compressing air; an air tank which has a pressure gauge and a safety valve for presenting overpressure and stores compressed air of high pressure in a set pressure condition; a decompression valve for decompressing air pressure discharged from the air tank; a sprayer for spraying water in a particle state in order to make vapor contained in the supplied air; a distributor which uniformly distributes the decompressed air to a plurality of flow paths and has a control valve to open and close the flow paths; an air supply pipe which is buried in the soil where crops to be cultivated will be planted and has pores for supplying air passing through the distributor; and a controller which is connected to the compressor, the pressure gauge of the tank and the control valve of the distributor to control supply of the compressed air.

Described herein are implements and applicators for placement of fluid applications with respect to agricultural plants of agricultural fields. In one embodiment, a nozzle includes a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a rotatable member to rotate over the fluid outlet to selectively expose the fluid outlet to at least one opening to provide fluid flow from the fluid outlet through the opening. Upon the rotatable member rotating over the fluid outlet, a different number of openings is in fluid communication with the fluid outlet.

A plant watering system includes an irrigation mat that can be placed around a plant on top of the soil. The irrigation mat includes a water reservoir that holds water, and a slow-pass water permeable membrane that releases the water in the water reservoir in a slow manner so the soil around the plant is watered at a controlled rate. The irrigation mat may optionally include a threaded port where a container of liquid fertilizer can be placed so the liquid fertilizer is mixed with the water in the reservoir, allowing easily fertilizing the plant as it is watered. The plant watering system may also optionally include a dryness sensor that provides an alert indicating the water reservoir in the irrigation mat needs to be refilled.

Methods and systems for generating a plasma-activated liquid or gas, and applying the plasma-activated liquid for agricultural use. A system embodiment includes a hand-held device that can be pointed and directed at different target areas of a plant. A method embodiment includes generating a plasma discharge in a gas environment or a liquid environment, and applying the gas/liquid to a plant.

The present invention involves a seed firmer with a pusher attachment that extends the life of the seed firmer and improved brackets for mounting the same to a planter. The improved brackets allow for different mechanisms of mounting seed firmers to different locations on a planter. The brackets have portions for attaching and mounting to the planter, and a housing for accepting and securing the firmers. The brackets allow for better positioning of firmers on a planter, ease of mounting and/or replacement of firmers, and improved firmer functionality.

Described herein are implements and applicators for placement of fluid applications with respect to agricultural plants of agricultural fields. In one embodiment, a fluid applicator includes at least one applicator arm, a first nozzle disposed to apply fluid to a rhizosphere of the plants, and a second nozzle disposed to apply fluid between the row of plants.

Described herein are implements and applicators for placement of fluid applications with respect to agricultural plants of agricultural fields. In one embodiment, a fluid applicator for applying fluid to plants in rows in a field includes a frame, at least one applicator arm disposed in a rhizosphere of plants during fluid flow through the applicator, and a fluid conduit connected to the frame and disposed in the row between plants to deliver fluid to the row between plants.

A mobile agricultural application machine includes a controllable valve and nozzle through which a substance is applied to an agricultural field. The controllable valve is a piezo-actuated valve. An application control system generates valve control signals to control a piezo actuator on the piezo-actuated valve.