An apparatus for manufacturing a display apparatus includes: a first mold configured to accommodate a cover member thereon; a magnetic first guide in the first mold; a second mold arranged to face the first mold; and a magnetic shape-variable unit in the second mold. The shape-variable unit is configured to come into contact with and move a panel member toward the cover member, and a first portion of the panel member is configured to contact the cover member before a second portion of the panel member contacts the cover member due to a magnetic force between the shape-variable unit and the first guide.

A method for painting a complex or compound curved three-dimensional surface of a portion of an article. The method comprises providing a paint film; providing sheet metal having opposite major surfaces; laminating the paint film onto a major surface of the sheet metal to form a painted sheet metal laminate comprising a first portion and a second portion; permanently deforming the first portion of the painted sheet metal laminate into a formed portion of the article having a complex or compound curved three-dimensional shape; applying an initial force for securing the second portion of the painted sheet metal laminate during an initial stage of said permanently deforming step; and applying a later force for securing the second portion of the painted sheet metal laminate during a later stage of said permanently deforming step. The later applied force is greater than the initially applied force.

A method of forming a flat composite charge into a contoured composite part reduces wrinkles in the part as the charge is being formed. Dies are used to form a portion of charge to the steepest contour of the part, while tension is maintained on the charge as the remaining portions of the charge are formed.

A method for painting a complex or compound curved three-dimensional surface of a portion of an article. The method comprises providing a paint film (24); providing sheet metal (26) having opposite major surfaces; laminating the paint film onto a major surface of the sheet metal to form a painted sheet metal laminate (22) comprising a first portion and a second portion; permanently deforming the first portion of the painted sheet metal laminate into a formed portion of the article having a complex or compound curved three-dimensional shape; applying an initial force for securing the second portion of the painted sheet metal laminate during an initial stage of said permanently deforming step; and applying a later force for securing the second portion of the painted sheet metal laminate during a later stage of said permanently deforming step. The later applied force is greater than the initially applied force.

A forming device has a die with at least one recess, a punch for forming the packaging material into the recess, and a hold-down device. The hold-down device and the die receive the packaging material between them in a holding region. The die and the hold-down device each have a bearing surface with at least one opening, which is in fluid communication with a fluid source. An aerostatic bearing is formed between the packaging material and the hold-down device and between the packaging material and the die.

A pouch forming apparatus includes a die portion having a forming groove, a punch portion disposed to face the forming groove and configured to move relative to the forming groove, and pressurizing a pouch sheet disposed on the die portion into the forming groove, a forming pad disposed to move relative to the punch portion within the forming groove and controlling a depth of the forming groove, and a vacuum pad applying vacuum pressure to the forming groove to be in close contact with the pouch sheet. The vacuum pad is disposed in at least one corner area of the forming pad.

A pouch molding apparatus and method involves deforming a pouch so that a larger amount of clearance is secured to increase the capacity of the pouch, thereby improving the pouch molding process to increase the depth and capacity of a pouch cup part. The pouch molding apparatus includes a die and a punch. The die has a die groove recessed therein in a shape configured to mold a pouch. The punch is disposed above the die groove, wherein the punch includes a body part configured to be inserted into the die groove together with a pouch film disposed between the die and the punch, and pressing parts are provided on opposite sides of the body part to press the pouch film toward an inner surface of the die groove.

A thermoforming apparatus includes a mold with a plurality of sections. Each section is independently movable. The thermoforming apparatus further includes a set of electromechanical actuators. Each electromechanical actuator is attached to a screw that moves each section of the plurality of sections to specific positions. The mold is configured to press against a blank to form a product with a shape corresponding to the specific positions of the plurality of sections.