A method and an apparatus for embossing a pattern into a varnish on a sheet-like substrate are provided. The method applies a planar stamp using a roller, while the apparatus includes a roller having a planar stamp.

A synthetic polymer film whose surface has a plurality of raised or recessed portions, wherein a two-dimensional size of the plurality of raised or recessed portions is in a range of not less than 0.5 μm and not more than 3 μm when viewed in a normal direction of the synthetic polymer film, the synthetic polymer film has a crosslink structure and contains an organic carboxylic acid, at the lapse of 5 minutes since placing a 200 μL drop of water on the surface of the synthetic polymer film, a pH of an aqueous solution is less than 4, and an area equivalent circle diameter of the aqueous solution is not less than 20 mm, and at the lapse of 60 seconds since placing a drop of water on the surface of the synthetic polymer film, a static contact angle of the water drop with respect to the surface is less than 3°.

A photocurable resin composition for imprinting including a polymerizable compound, and a photopolymerization initiator, wherein the polymerizable compound includes a siloxane bond in a molecule, and includes at least one polymerizable functional group, and a ratio of oxygen atoms bonded to a single silicon atom, among oxygen atoms bonded to a silicon atom included in the polymerizable compound, is 10 mol % or less.

A substrate and a method for producing the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a substrate includes a base layer, a black layer formed on the base layer, and column spacers formed on the black layer, wherein a loss rate of spacers measured by a peel test is 15% or less. The substrate can have excellent adhesiveness of the spacer to the base layer or the black layer and ensuring appropriate darkening properties. The method can effectively produce such a substrate without adverse effects such as occurrence of foreign materials without separate treatment such as heat treatment.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a water-based surface treatment agent and a water-based surface treatment agent prepared using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a water-based surface treatment agent used to form a surface treatment layer included in artificial leather for automobile seat covers and a method of preparing the water-based surface treatment agent. According to the present invention, when the water-based surface treatment agent is used to manufacture artificial leather, occurrence of whitening of the surface of the artificial leather may be prevented.

A roll-to-roll manufacturing machine suitable for processing and producing polymer films that contain nanostructures, including but not limited to multifunctional polymer films. The machine applies a liquid polymer on a substrate to form a liquid polymer film, at least partially embeds nanostructures into the liquid polymer film, melt casts a layer of a molten polymer on the liquid polymer film to produce a thin polymer film, organizes the nanostructures in a thickness direction of the thin polymer film comprising applying an electric field to the thin polymer film, aligns the nanostructures in the thin polymer film by simultaneously subjecting the thin polymer film to heat and a field that aligns the nanostructures, and solidifies the thin polymer film to freeze the nanostructures along nanocolumns in a thickness direction of a solidified polymer film resulting therefrom.

A method and an apparatus for producing a relief-pattern forming, the method and apparatus being suitable for producing a film-like material, such as an embossed film, having a fine relief-structure pattern formed on a surface thereof so as to have a distinctive optical effect with higher quality, good productivity, and fewer defects. A transfer pattern printed layer having an inverted structure of a relief-structure pattern is formed on a second substrate by printing a transfer pattern onto the surface of a first substrate on which the relief-structure pattern is formed at a predetermined position by registration with the relief-structure pattern followed by drying, laminating with the second substrate, curing and peeling.

The present invention relates to a method for forming a multilayer plastic sheet material for floor and/or wall panels, wherein a first polymer mass comprising a chemically foamed PVC is melted under pressure and is forced through an extruder head at a well-defined discharge rate as a plastic strand in sheet form that is provided with one or more layers so that a multilayer plastic strand is formed, which is propelled towards two or more rolls of a rolling mill, which processes the multilayer plastic strand to a sheet of a defined thickness and where one of the rolls will apply a three-dimensional structure in the top layer. This sheet will then be led away by a discharge device to a sawing device to be cut off to the desired length and width and finally, in a subsequent production step, as multilayer plank-shaped elements, will be provided with coupling parts on two opposite edges so that several of said plank-shaped elements are couplable together.

The invention provides a transparent resin film that has a smooth surface on a side to be laminated on a substrate to prevent entering of air bubbles when bonded to a substrate and has a pattern of protrusions and depressions on a side opposite to the side to be laminated on a substrate to provide high design quality, a method for producing the transparent resin film, and a decorative material. The invention relates to a transparent resin film to be laminated on a substrate including a picture layer, the transparent resin film having a pattern of protrusions and depressions with a maximum height Rz of 20 μm or higher and 200 μm or lower on a side opposite to a side to be laminated on the substrate, the transparent resin film having a maximum height Rz of 20 μm or lower on the side to be laminated on the substrate.

Aspects disclosed herein relate to forming on a substrate fastener elements suitable for use in touch fastener by employing vibration forming methods. The processes described provide for a greater flexibility in manufacturing than prior methods and overcome certain limitations in prior forming techniques. Further, the product made can embody a variety of different configurations suitable for a given application. Employing vibration forming methods, such as ultrasonic forming methods, allows for the use of a wider variety of substrate material than materials used with convention methods of touch fastener formation.