A formulation system usable in additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object that comprises, in at least a portion thereof, a cyanate ester-containing polymeric network, and additive manufacturing processes employing the formulation system are provided. Also provided are objects obtainable by the additive manufacturing and kits containing the formulation system. The formulation system includes a first modeling material formulation which includes a first curable material which is a thermally-curable cyanate ester and a second modeling material formulation which comprises an activating agent for promoting polymerization of the cyanate ester and is devoid of the first curable material, and further includes a second curable material which is different from the first curable material, and optionally an agent for promoting hardening of the second curable material.

A formulation system usable in additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object that comprises, in at least a portion thereof, a cyanate ester-containing polymeric network, and additive manufacturing processes employing the formulation system are provided. Also provided are objects obtainable by the additive manufacturing and kits containing the formulation system. The formulation system includes a first modeling material formulation which includes a first curable material which is a thermally-curable cyanate ester and a second modeling material formulation which comprises an activating agent for promoting polymerization of the cyanate ester and is devoid of the first curable material, and further includes a second curable material which is different from the first curable material, and optionally an agent for promoting hardening of the second curable material.

A method of rendering data for addressable dispensing of material over a working surface, comprises: receiving input image data arranged grid-wise over a plurality of picture-elements; generating an initial map describing a distance field and having a plurality of map-elements each storing distance information corresponding to one picture-element; for each picture-element of at least a portion of the picture-elements: linearly scanning the map independently along a first axis and along a second axis, and updating a respective map-element based on values of map-elements visited during the scan. The distance field can include distances defined perpendicularly to the working surface.

A method of rendering data for addressable dispensing of material over a working surface, comprises: receiving input image data arranged grid-wise over a plurality of picture-elements; generating an initial map describing a distance field and having a plurality of map-elements each storing distance information corresponding to one picture-element; for each picture-element of at least a portion of the picture-elements: linearly scanning the map independently along a first axis and along a second axis, and updating a respective map-element based on values of map-elements visited during the scan. The distance field can include distances defined perpendicularly to the working surface.

In one aspect, inks for use with a three-dimensional (3D) printing system are described herein. In some embodiments, an ink described herein comprises up to 80 wt. % oligomeric curable material; up to 80 wt. % monomeric curable material; up to 10 wt. % photoinitiator; up to 1 wt. % non-curable absorber material; and up to 10 wt. % one or more additional components, based on the total weight of the ink, and wherein the total amount of the foregoing components is equal to 100 wt. %. Additionally, the photoinitiator is operable to initiate curing of the oligomeric curable material and/or the monomeric curable material when the photoinitiator is exposed to incident curing radiation having a peak wavelength λ. Moreover, the ink has a penetration depth (D.sub.p), a critical energy (E.sub.c), and a print through depth (D.sub.PT) at the wavelength λ of less than or equal to 2×D.sub.p.

In one aspect, inks for use with a three-dimensional (3D) printing system are described herein. In some embodiments, an ink described herein comprises up to 80 wt. % oligomeric curable material; up to 80 wt. % monomeric curable material; up to 10 wt. % photoinitiator; up to 1 wt. % non-curable absorber material; and up to 10 wt. % one or more additional components, based on the total weight of the ink, and wherein the total amount of the foregoing components is equal to 100 wt. %. Additionally, the photoinitiator is operable to initiate curing of the oligomeric curable material and/or the monomeric curable material when the photoinitiator is exposed to incident curing radiation having a peak wavelength λ. Moreover, the ink has a penetration depth (D.sub.p), a critical energy (E.sub.c), and a print through depth (D.sub.PT) at the wavelength λ of less than or equal to 2×D.sub.p.

A method of processing data for additive manufacturing of a 3D object comprises: receiving graphic elements defining a surface of the object, and an input color texture to be visible over a surface of the object; transforming the elements to voxelized computer object data; constructing a 3D color map having a plurality of pixels, each being associated with a voxel and being categorized as either a topmost pixel or an internal pixel. Each topmost pixel is associated with a group of internal pixels forming a receptive field for the topmost pixel. A color-value is assigned to each topmost pixel and each internal pixel of a receptive field associated with the topmost pixel, based on the color texture and according to a subtractive color mixing. A material to be used during the additive manufacturing is designated based on the color-value.

A method of processing data for additive manufacturing of a 3D object comprises: receiving graphic elements defining a surface of the object, and an input color texture to be visible over a surface of the object; transforming the elements to voxelized computer object data; constructing a 3D color map having a plurality of pixels, each being associated with a voxel and being categorized as either a topmost pixel or an internal pixel. Each topmost pixel is associated with a group of internal pixels forming a receptive field for the topmost pixel. A color-value is assigned to each topmost pixel and each internal pixel of a receptive field associated with the topmost pixel, based on the color texture and according to a subtractive color mixing. A material to be used during the additive manufacturing is designated based on the color-value.

The present invention generally relates to the printing of materials, using 3-dimensional printing and other printing techniques, including the use of one or more mixing nozzles, and/or multi-axis control over the translation and/or rotation of the print head or the substrate onto which materials are printed. In some embodiments, a material may be prepared by extruding material through print head comprising a nozzle, such as a microfluidic printing nozzle, which may be used to mix materials within the nozzle and direct the resulting product onto a substrate. The print head and/or the substrate may be configured to be translated and/or rotated, for example, using a computer or other controller, in order to control the deposition of material onto the substrate.

The present invention generally relates to the printing of materials, using 3-dimensional printing and other printing techniques, including the use of one or more mixing nozzles, and/or multi-axis control over the translation and/or rotation of the print head or the substrate onto which materials are printed. In some embodiments, a material may be prepared by extruding material through print head comprising a nozzle, such as a microfluidic printing nozzle, which may be used to mix materials within the nozzle and direct the resulting product onto a substrate. The print head and/or the substrate may be configured to be translated and/or rotated, for example, using a computer or other controller, in order to control the deposition of material onto the substrate.