Systems and methods of electrostatically spraying a treatment solution are disclosed that include electrostatically charging, by a cartridge assembled with a handheld portable electrostatic device, a treatment solution. The handheld portable electrostatic device can include a housing, the cartridge removably disposed in the housing. The cartridge can include a cartridge housing, at least one electrode to electrostatically charge and ionize molecules of the treatment solution of the cartridge, and a nozzle positioned at a distal end of the cartridge housing, the nozzle of the cartridge being configured to deliver the electrostatically charged treatment solution and configured to be in fluid communication with an air supply tube in fluid communication with a pump in the housing.

A method for measuring a degree of cross-linking of a component of elastomeric material obtained as a result of a hot-forming process, includes a preliminary calibration step in which a plurality of samples are provided, made of the same material as the component. The samples have different degrees of cross-linking following respective hot-forming processes conducted for different periods of time. The preliminary calibration step includes providing a measuring device having an electrical circuit, in which a voltage generator is arranged in series with metal contacts configured to selectively receive a sample, and an ammeter, positioning a sample between said metal contacts, providing a predetermined voltage value, and detecting the corresponding current value by means of said ammeter. The aforesaid steps are repeated for each sample so as to obtain a calibration map that associates a given degree of cross-linking of the material constituting said component with each determined value of electrical conductivity.

An additive manufacturing guide for variable size additive manufacturing is provided. The additive manufacturing guide includes an actuator movable between a maximum flow position and a minimum flow position. The additive manufacturing guide also includes an adjustable port defining a variable area outlet aperture. The actuator is configured to deform the adjustable port to selectively resize the variable area outlet aperture. The maximum flow position corresponds to a maximum area of the variable area outlet aperture and the minimum flow position corresponds to a minimum area of the variable area outlet aperture. An additive manufacturing system including the additive manufacturing guide is also provided. A method of additive manufacturing with variable bead sizes using the additive manufacturing guide is further provided.