Embodiments relate to a heat shrinkable film, which has a heat shrinkage rate in the direction perpendicular to the main shrinkage direction that is not high even at a high temperature and which is printable thereon. The heat shrinkable film comprises a polyester resin, wherein the heat shrinkage characteristics in the direction perpendicular to the main shrinkage direction satisfy the following Relationships 1 and 2:

15T.sub.70650[Relationship 1]

0T.sub.100955[Relationship 2] wherein T.sub.X-Y is a value obtained by subtracting a heat shrinkage rate of the heat shrinkable film in the direction perpendicular to the main shrinkage direction after the heat shrinkable film is immersed in a water bath for 10 seconds at Y C. from a heat shrinkage rate of the heat shrinkable film in the direction perpendicular to the main shrinkage direction after the heat shrinkable film is immersed in a water bath for 10 seconds at X C.

A extrusion process and apparatus for the deposition of precise, usually small amounts of extrudate (4) for adhesion to a substrate (1) comprising an extruder (2) positioned close to the substrate (1) and a jet of hot gas (6) directed onto the extrudate (1) between the extruder (2) and the substrate (1) in order to retain the adhesive properties between the extrudate (4) and the substrate (1).

A extrusion process and apparatus for the deposition of precise, usually small amounts of extrudate (4) for adhesion to a substrate (1) comprising an extruder (2) positioned close to the substrate (1) and a jet of hot gas (6) directed onto the extrudate (1) between the extruder (2) and the substrate (1) in order to retain the adhesive properties between the extrudate (4) and the substrate (1).

The invention provides a rapid prototyping device and method thereof. The rapid prototyping device comprises an environmental temperature sensor, a control module, a nozzle, and a heating device. The rapid prototyping method comprises following steps of: sensing an environmental temperature, acquiring a nozzle heating temperature according to the environmental temperature; and heating a nozzle till reaching the nozzle heating temperature. After the preparation of the rapid prototyping device, the environmental temperature sensor senses an environmental temperature, then the control module acquires a nozzle heating temperature based on the environmental temperature, and then the control module controls the heating device for heating the nozzle to the nozzle heating temperature. By the temperature compensating function of the present invention, the quality of the heating material ejected by the nozzle can be maintained.

The invention relates to a monitoring method for monitoring the energy requirement of an extrusion installation (10), comprising the following steps: Setting of a balancing limit (20), in whose balancing space (22) the extrusion installation (10) is assembled, Monitoring of at least one energy flow (30) into the balancing space (22), Monitoring of a feed flow (40) of granules in the extrusion installation (10), Determining the relation between the at least one energy flow (30) and the feed flow (40).

A cooling apparatus for an extruder includes a supply line configured to receive bulk coolant from a supply circuit via an inlet. The supply line delivers supply coolant to the extruder along a flow path. A return line communicates expelled coolant from the extruder, and a circulation line connects the supply line to the return line. The circulation line supplies a recirculated portion of the expelled coolant to the supply line and mixes the bulk coolant with the recirculated portion of the expelled coolant forming the supply coolant. A bypass line connects the supply line to the return line, and a flow control valve connects one of the supply line and the return line to the bypass line. A proportion of the expelled coolant to the bulk coolant forming the supply coolant is adjusted by the flow control valve to control the temperature of the supply coolant.