A method of forming reinforced packages. The method can comprise forming an attached web by adhering a blank to a web of material and moving the attached web in a downstream direction through at least a tube forming assembly and a carton forming assembly. The method also can comprise at least partially forming a tube by folding at least a portion of the web of material as the attached web moves through the tube forming assembly, forming a reinforcement sleeve by folding at least a portion of the blank so that the reinforcement sleeve extends at least partially around the tube as the attached web moves through the carton forming assembly, and forming a reinforced package comprising the reinforcement sleeve and a tube portion by separating the tube portion from a remainder of the tube, the reinforcement sleeve being adhered to the tube portion.

A method of forming reinforced packages. The method can comprise forming an attached web by adhering a blank to a web of material and moving the attached web in a downstream direction through at least a tube forming assembly and a carton forming assembly. The method also can comprise at least partially forming a tube by folding at least a portion of the web of material as the attached web moves through the tube forming assembly, forming a reinforcement sleeve by folding at least a portion of the blank so that the reinforcement sleeve extends at least partially around the tube as the attached web moves through the carton forming assembly, and forming a reinforced package comprising the reinforcement sleeve and a tube portion by separating the tube portion from a remainder of the tube, the reinforcement sleeve being adhered to the tube portion.

Envelopes for holding one or more items include a first and a second flexible wall. The second wall overlies, and is affixed to the first flexible wall. The second flexible wall can include a plurality of overlying layers of paper affixed to each other so as to define an interlayer region within which at least two of the plurality of overlying layers of paper are not adhered to each other.

The present disclosure relates to strata 2-ply drawstring trash bags implementing a J-flap extended hem to provide increased top-of-bag strength. In one or more embodiments, the J-flap extended hem includes a 2-ply web folded back on itself (e.g., during a hem folding operation to enclose the drawstring within a hem channel). In one or more implementations, a hem seal secures the 2-ply web to an inside surface of the trash bag. At least one ply of the 2 -ply web fold-over extends past the hem seal and is additionally secured to the inside surface of the trash bag via one or more hem skirt seals. For reduced material consumption in certain embodiments, the J-flap extended hem of the present disclosure imparts added strength using only one ply of the 2-ply web fold-over. In some embodiments, at least one ply of the 2-ply web fold-over includes ring-rolled portions to add top-of-bag strength.

Improvements to asynchronous spatial listen before talk (LBT) procedures are disclosed. In a shared spectrum network spatial LBT procedures are used for directionally targeting the channel reservation process. Prior to transmitting channel reservation signaling, the transmitter and receiver determine an effective interference considering available multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) configuration information. When the effective interference exceeds a predefined threshold, the node may without transmission of its channel reservation signal. Otherwise, when the effective interference remains within the threshold, each node's transmitted channel reservation signal may also identify at least a beamforming matrix either as payload or used to precode the node's channel reservation signal.

The product efficiency of bags each with an end face part is increased. A panel webs is guided to be divided along a line of weakness of the panel web and to be folded along division edges of the panel web. This guiding of the first panel and temporary sealed sections cause a side gusset to be cut open along a line of weakness of the side gusset such that open surfaces are formed. After the forming of the open surfaces, an end face web is supplied to be superposed on folded parts of the panel web and the open surfaces of the side gusset.

In order to allow a bag to be easily unsealed by sliding both sides of the bag in a longitudinal direction of a zipper tape irrespective of the rigidity of the zipper tape, a zipper-tape bag according to an aspect of the invention includes: a bag body including at least a pair of facing surfaces; and an elongated zipper tape whose cross sectional profile includes first and second bases each bonded to corresponding one of facing surfaces, and mutually engageable first and second engagement portion respectively protruded from the first and second bases, the zipper tape including an intermediate hinge at at least one point in the longitudinal direction.

A thermoplastic bag includes duplicative seals. In particular, in one or more implementations, a thermoplastic bag includes a first seal and at least a second seal reinforcing the same area of the thermoplastic bag. For instance, in one or more implementations, the thermoplastic bag includes multiple seals along each side edge or along the hem. If one seal fails, the other seal(s) can remain in place to prevent leaks. Thus, the duplicative seals of the thermoplastic bag can provide reinforced strength and desired aesthetics.

The present disclosure relates to strata 2-ply drawstring trash bags implementing a J-flap extended hem to provide increased top-of-bag strength. In one or more embodiments, the J-flap extended hem includes a 2-ply web folded back on itself (e.g., during a hem folding operation to enclose the drawstring within a hem channel). In one or more implementations, a hem seal secures the 2-ply web to an inside surface of the trash bag. At least one ply of the 2-ply web fold-over extends past the hem seal and is additionally secured to the inside surface of the trash bag via one or more hem skirt seals. For reduced material consumption in certain embodiments, the J-flap extended hem of the present disclosure imparts added strength using only one ply of the 2-ply web fold-over. In some embodiments, at least one ply of the 2-ply web fold-over includes ring-rolled portions to add top-of-bag strength.

A method of sealing reinforced packages. The method can comprise moving an open-ended package in a downstream direction on a package conveyor by engaging the open-ended package with a chain flight of the package conveyor moving in the downstream direction. The method further can comprise forming a bag with a closed end by engaging at least a seal portion of a tail section of an open-ended tube portion of the open-ended package between the chain flight of the package conveyor and a hot plate positioned adjacent the package conveyor. The chain flight can move with the tail section in the downstream direction relative to the hot plate, which can transfer thermal energy to the tail section to at least partially form a seal along the seal portion in the tail section to at least partially form the closed end of the bag.