Disclosed is a semiconductor device manufacturing method, including a preparation step of preparing a laminated body in which a supporting member, a temporary fixation material layer that generates heat upon absorbing light, and a semiconductor member are laminated in this order, and a separation step of irradiating the temporary fixation material layer in the laminated body with incoherent light and thereby separating the semiconductor member from the supporting member.

A method for producing a synchronizer ring includes providing a ring body made of metal and having a conical connecting surface, providing a friction ring, corresponding to the connecting surface, made of a composite material of carbon fiber bound with a resin, adhesively bonding the friction ring to the connecting surface, and pyrolyzing exclusively an outer layer of the friction ring which is remote from the connecting surface.

A panel may include a substrate and a top layer provided on the substrate. The top layer may include a printed motif provided on a paper sheet and a transparent or translucent synthetic material layer. The paper sheet may be impregnated with polyurethane or polyisocyanate. The synthetic material of the transparent or translucent synthetic material layer may be polyurethane.

A floor panel has a rectangular and oblong shape, and includes a substrate and a top layer provided on the substrate and forming a decorative side of the floor panel. The top layer is composed of a print provided on a carrier sheet and a transparent thermoplastic layer situated above the print. The substrate has a thickness from 2 to 10 millimeter and forms at least half of the thickness of the floor panel. The substrate is a polyurethane-based substrate and the transparent thermoplastic layer is polyurethane-based. The floor panel has a length of more than 1.1 meters and has a plurality of reinforcing layers situated outside the center line of the substrate. A reinforcing layer may be provided in combination with the substrate and the top layer.

A floor panel has a rectangular and oblong shape, and includes a substrate and a top layer provided on the substrate and forming a decorative side of the floor panel. The top layer is composed of a print provided on a carrier sheet and a transparent thermoplastic layer situated above the print. The substrate has a thickness from 2 to 10 millimeter and forms at least half of the thickness of the floor panel. The substrate is a polyurethane-based substrate and the transparent thermoplastic layer is polyurethane-based. The floor panel has a length of more than 1.1 meters and has a plurality of reinforcing layers situated outside the center line of the substrate. A reinforcing layer may be provided in combination with the substrate and the top layer.

A method of sealing a workpiece comprising forming an inorganic film over a surface of a first substrate, arranging a workpiece to be protected between the first substrate and a second substrate wherein the inorganic film is in contact with the second substrate; and sealing the workpiece between the first and second substrates as a function of the composition of impurities in the first or second substrates and as a function of the composition of the inorganic film by locally heating the inorganic film with a predetermined laser radiation wavelength. The inorganic film, the first substrate, or the second substrate can be transmissive at approximately 420 nm to approximately 750 nm.

A floor panel may include a substrate and a top layer. The substrate may include a closed cell foamed PVC layer. The top layer may include a back layer, a printed synthetic material film, a transparent or translucent synthetic material wear layer, and a surface layer. The printed synthetic material film may be a printed PVC film. The transparent or translucent synthetic material wear layer may include a vinyl layer, and have a thickness of 1 millimeter or less. The surface layer may include a UV hardened substance. The floor panel may include a pair of long edges with first mechanical coupling parts and a pair of short edges with second mechanical coupling parts. The first mechanical coupling parts may have vertically active locking surfaces, and horizontally active locking surfaces formed in the material of the closed cell foamed PVC layer.

A floor panel may include a substrate and a top layer located above the substrate. The substrate may include a closed cell foamed synthetic material layer with fillers. The closed cell foamed synthetic material layer may have an average density of more than 300 kilograms per cubic meter. The top layer may include a back layer, a printed synthetic material film located above the back layer, and a transparent or translucent synthetic material wear layer located above the printed synthetic material film. The back layer may include a vinyl compound with fillers. The back layer may have a thickness of at least 45 percent of the thickness of the top layer. The floor panel may be rectangular and oblong and may include a pair of long edges and a pair of short edges. The floor panel may include first mechanical coupling parts at the pair of long edges and second mechanical coupling parts at the pair of short edges. The first mechanical coupling parts may allow a horizontal and vertical locking of two of such floor panels using a turning movement along the respective long edges. The first mechanical coupling parts may include a tongue and a groove. The groove may be flanked by an upper lip and a lower lip. The first mechanical coupling parts may include a vertical locking mechanism having a vertically active locking surface at the upper side of the tongue and the lower side of the upper lip, respectively. The first mechanical coupling parts may include a horizontal locking mechanism having a horizontally active locking surface at the lower side of the tongue and the upper side of the lower lip, respectively. The horizontally active locking surfaces and the vertically active locking surfaces may be formed in the material of the closed cell foamed synthetic material layer.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a single-faced thin polarizing plate, including: supplying a process film to one surface of a polarizer having a thickness of 50 m or less; supplying a protection film to the other surface of the polarizer; forming an adhesive layer by supplying an adhesive composition between the polarizer and the protection film; pressing a laminate of the process film/the polarizer/the protection film by disposing a pair of pressing units on a surface of each of the process film and the protection film; and stripping the process film, in which stripping force between the polarizer and the process film is 1.0 N or less.

A floor may include a substrate having a top side and a bottom side. A top layer may be provided on the substrate. The top layer may consist of a printed thermoplastic film and a thermoplastic transparent or translucent layer provided on the printed thermoplastic film. The top layer may be directly adhered to the substrate by heat welding the printed thermoplastic film and the top side of the substrate, in the absence of a glue layer. The substrate may be a synthetic material board including a filler. The substrate at least at two opposite edges may include coupling means provided in the synthetic material board. The thermoplastic transparent or translucent layer may be provided with a structure.