An aqueous ink composition including water; an optional co-solvent; an optional colorant; a sulfonated polyester; and a polyurethane. A process of digital offset printing including applying an ink composition onto a re-imageable imaging member surface at an ink take up temperature, the re-imageable imaging member having dampening fluid disposed thereon; forming an ink image; transferring the ink image from the re-imageable surface of the imaging member to a printable substrate at an ink transfer temperature. A process including combining a water; an optional co-solvent; an optional colorant; a sulfonated polyester; and a polyurethane to form an aqueous ink composition.

A photosensitive resin composition includes a polymer compound having a structure represented by Formula 1 as a component A; and an infrared absorbent as a component B. A planographic printing plate precursor includes a support; a polymer compound, which has a structure represented by Formula 1, as a component A on the support; and a recording layer, which contains an infrared absorbent, as a component B on the support. In Formula 1, R.sup.1 represents an (x+2) valent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, and x represents an integer of 1 to 4. ##STR00001##

On-press developable, negative-working lithographic printing plate precursors are used to provide lithographic printing plates. Such precursors are prepared with a substrate and one or more negative-working, infrared radiation-sensitive imagable layers. The substrate is prepared by two separate anodizing processes to provide an inner aluminum oxide layer having an average dry thickness (T.sub.i) of 650-3,000 nm and inner micropores having an average inner micropore diameter (D.sub.i) of <15 nm. A formed outer aluminum oxide layer comprises outer micropores having an average outer micropore diameter (D.sub.o) of 15-30 nm; an average dry thickness (T.sub.o) of 130-650 nm; and a micropore density (C.sub.o) of 500-3,000 micropores/m.sup.2. The ratio of D.sub.o to D.sub.i is greater than 1.1:1, and D.sub.o in nanometers and the outer aluminum oxide layer micropore density (C.sub.o) in micropores/m.sup.2, are further defined by the outer aluminum oxide layer porosity (P.sub.o) as:
0.3P.sub.o0.8
wherein P.sub.o is 3.14(C.sub.o)(D.sub.o.sup.2)/4,000,000.

An apparatus for back-exposing a printing plate and method for exposing a printing plate therewith. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are arranged in one or more arrays, including at least two sets of LEDs, each set having an emission spectrum different than a corresponding emission spectrum of at least one other set. One or more controllers connected to the LED array is configured to activate the array to cause the plurality of sets of LEDs to emit radiation toward the back, non-printing side of the printing plate simultaneously. Performing the method includes providing the one or more arrays spaced a pre-defined distance from the printing plate and irradiating the back, non-printing side of the printing plate with the emission spectra of the at least two sets of LEDs simultaneously.

An apparatus and method for printing directly onto print media including smooth non-absorbent media substrates (e.g., polymer films) inks having a wide range in viscosity, so that flexographic, gravure, and lithographic inks can all be contemplated. The proposed method is able to print with variable data/imaging. Dampening fluid may be patterned onto an imaging roll by coating the imaging roll with a layer of the dampening fluid and selectively evaporating off a patterned portion via a laser imaging device. The imaging roll then contacts the print substrate and transfers the patterned dampening fluid onto the substrate via film splitting. The substrate then passes through an inker station where ink is deposited directly to the substrate for attachment thereto except where rejected by the dampening fluid.

Provided are a thermal fusion-type lithographic printing plate precursor in which the visibility is excellent, ablation during laser exposure is suppressed, and the contamination of dampening water and printing ink during on-machine development is suppressed by a lithographic printing plate precursor having a support and an image-recording layer, in which the image-recording layer is capable of forming an image by infrared laser exposure, a non-exposed portion of the image-recording layer is removable by at least one of dampening water and printing ink on a printer, and the image-recording layer contains (1) a color developing system in which a hue change generated by infrared laser exposure is a/b0.6 and (2) 70% by mass or more of a thermoplastic polymer particle with respect to a solid content of the image-recording layer and a plate-making method in which the thermal fusion-type lithographic printing plate precursor is used.

Provided are a color developing composition including a compound represented by Formula 1, a lithographic printing plate precursor having at least a layer including the color developing composition, a method for producing a lithographic printing plate in which the lithographic printing plate precursor is used, and a compound represented by Formula 1.

##STR00001##

Dielectric materials with optimal mechanical properties for use in laser ablation patterning are proposed. These materials include a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyureas, polyurethane, and polyacylhydrazones. New methods to prepare suitable polyacylhydrazones are also provided. Those methods involve mild conditions and result in a soluble polymer that is stable at room temperature and can be incorporated into formulations that can be coated onto microelectronic substrates. The dielectric materials exhibit high elongation, low CTE, low cure temperature, and leave little to no debris post-ablation.

Provided is a precursor for lithographic printing having excellent printing durability and ink repellency as well as high reproducibility of the high definition images. The precursor for lithographic printing includes, at least a heat sensitive layer and an ink repellent layer wherein the ink repellent layer has an elastic modulus of the plate surface under the surface load of 14000 N/m2 of at least 25 MPa and up to 35 MPa.

The present invention provides a direct exposure machine without mask, comprising a stage device and an exposure device. The stage device supports an exposed substrate, a surface of which coats with a sensitive layer. The exposure device shifts relatively to the stage device and includes a first exposure module. The first exposure module includes a light source, a penetrating scanner and multi-focus lenses. The light source outputs multiple beams arranged parallel to each other. The penetrating scanner includes a multifaceted prism driven to rotate, which has multiple facets. Each beam goes into one facet and out from the other to the sensitive layer of the exposed substrate. The multi-focus lenses are disposed between the light source and the multifaceted prism for focusing the beams to the substrate to be exposed.