Examples relate to methods to heat a print agent deposited on a print agent, print an image on a print media and heating systems for a heating a print agent deposited on a print media. A heating system comprises a radiation emitter to irradiate a print agent deposited on a print media, a reflector to reflect a radiation emitted by the radiation emitter back to the radiation emitter, and a displacing member to shift the heating system between a pre-heating position wherein the radiation reflected back to the radiation emitter has a higher magnitude and a heating position wherein the radiation reflected back to the radiation emitter has a lower magnitude.

Systems are provided for a frame of an optic element of a lighting system. In one example, a baffle frame including extended exterior sidewalls and inner angled walls extending below a bottom surface of the optic element may reduce light reflecting off a workpiece and escaping outside and interior of the baffle frame.

A sheet-fed press includes at least two units embodied as modules. At least two of the modules respectively comprise at least one individual drive which is used to transport a sheet through the respective module or through at least one active region of the respective module. At least one of the at least two modules is configured as a non-impact cover module. At least one component of the at least second module comprises at least one drying system or one drying device. The sheet-fed press includes a transport path for transporting the sheets. At least the section of the transport path provided for the sheets, and secured by the non-impact cover module, extends at least essentially flat or essentially horizontally.

A gripper carriage transports a sheet in a sheet transport direction along a sheet transport path. The gripper carriage has a wall and a reflector. The reflector is associated with a flank of the wall which is trailing, in relation to the sheet transport direction.

A sheet-fed press includes at least two units embodied as modules. The at least two modules respectively each comprise at least one individual drive, each individual drive being configured as a position-controlled electric motor. At least one of the at least two modules is configured as a non-impact coating module, and the at least coating module is arranged as at least another of at least two modules that is configured as a primer module or as a painting module.

Examples relate to methods to heat a print agent deposited on a print agent, print an image on a print media and heating systems for a heating a print agent deposited on a print media. A heating system comprises a radiation emitter to irradiate a print agent deposited on a print media, a reflector to reflect a radiation emitted by the radiation emitter back to the radiation emitter, and a displacing member to shift the heating system between a pre-heating position wherein the radiation reflected back to the radiation emitter has a higher magnitude and a heating position wherein the radiation reflected back to the radiation emitter has a lower magnitude.

A method is provided for controlling a web in a printing apparatus The printing apparatus includes a transport assembly for moving the web through a transport path along a printing unit for printing an image onto a print area of the web. The method includes feeding the web from a supply roll through the transport path to the transport assembly; and switching the printing apparatus to a ready-to-print mode, wherein the printing unit does not print an image on the web and the web is maintained ready to be printed on. In a printing mode after the ready-to print mode, the following steps are performed: moving the web through the transport path in a transport direction along the printing unit by the transport assembly; and printing the image onto the print area of the web by the printing unit. The image is printed by applying an image material, which solidifies on the web during the printing step. The ready-to-print mode includes the step of: operating the transport assembly to prevent a deformation of the print area of the web in the transport path, while maintaining the web in the ready-to-print mode. The web is maintained ready to print while preventing a deformation of the print area of the web in the transport path.

There is disclosed print agent drying unit 10, 20, 30 to dry print agent 40 on a substrate 14, the drying unit comprising: a substrate support 12 to support a substrate 14; an exciter 18, 28, 38 to excite a boundary layer of print agent 40 applied on the substrate 14, to thereby dissociate the boundary layer from the print agent; and a radiation source 16 to direct radiation energy to the substrate to dry the print agent. Methods of drying print agent 40 on a substrate 14 are also disclosed, including a method comprising: causing the substrate 14 to vibrate to dissociate a boundary layer of print agent 40 on the substrate 14; and heating the print agent 40 to dry the print agent 40.

In a first aspect, the invention concerns a method for providing a varnish coating to individual sheet substrates, said method comprising the steps of applying a liquid coating composition to the upper surface of a sheet substrate, conveying said sheet substrate along a track, while supporting the substrate from its rear surface, and subsequently curing and/or drying said coating composition. In particular, the aforementioned track is at least partly curved. In a second aspect, the invention relates to a device for performing such a method.

A drying assembly comprises a plurality of electromagnetic energy sources arranged to dry printing fluid deposited onto a surface of a substrate, by evaporation of a solvent fluid therefrom. The drying assembly further comprises a conveyor system configured to move the substrate in a conveying direction, and a focusing system configured to focus electromagnetic energy from the plurality of electromagnetic energy sources to form a non-uniform heating pattern on the surface of the substrate. The non-uniform heating pattern comprises a plurality of spatially separated higher and lower intensity regions distributed along the conveying direction.