An ink set includes a non-white ink composition and a white ink composition, and the non-white ink composition and the white ink composition are each an aqueous ink jet ink. The non-white ink composition contains a silicone-based surfactant A having a maximum peak within a molecular weight range of 3,000 to 20,000 within a molecular weight range of 300 or more in a molecular weight distribution in gel permeation chromatography, and the white ink composition contains a silicone-based surfactant B having a HLB value of 10.5 or less by Griffin method, but not having a maximum peak within a molecular weight range of 3,000 or more within a molecular weight range of 300 or more in a molecular weight distribution in gel permeation chromatography.

An image forming apparatus includes a liquid discharge device and processing circuitry. The liquid discharge device includes at least one nozzle group, where N represents an integer, to discharge liquid. The processing circuitry causes the first nozzle group to discharge in a first scan, causes the second nozzle group to discharge in a second scan, and causes the N-th nozzle group to discharge in an N-th scan to form a complete image. The processing circuitry, with respect to an image completion rate indicating a rate of an image formed by each of the first nozzle group to the N-th nozzle group in the complete image, sets the image completion rate of a portion of the first nozzle group adjacent to the second nozzle group in the sub-scanning direction to be not higher than the image completion rate of any one of the second nozzle group to the N-th nozzle group.

A control unit determines nozzles corresponding to the image to be printed and causes a recording head to eject ink from the nozzles. A correction processing unit performs a correction process corresponding to each of ink ejection malfunction positions in the image. The correction processing unit (a) prints a test pattern using the recording head, (b) determines the ink ejection malfunction positions on the basis of a scanned image of the test pattern, (c) determines a droplet hit position deviation amount of the ink at each of the ink ejection malfunction positions, and (d) determines a print sheet type of the print sheet, performs comparison between the droplet hit position deviation amount and a threshold value set for the print sheet type, and determines whether the correction process should be performed to the ink ejection malfunction position or not on the basis of a result of the comparison.

In an example, a print system includes a redundancy engine, a separation engine, and a print engine. In that example, the redundancy engine may identify a group of nozzles based on a redundancy characteristic of a plurality of print head nozzles of a print head to be received at the print head station and the separation engine may select a color separation operation corresponding to a drop domain associated with the group of nozzles identified by the redundancy engine to operate the print head with redundancy. In that example, the print engine may generate instructions using the selected color separation operation to cause the print head to eject print fluid from a combination of nozzles corresponding to the group of nozzles based on the drop domain to operate the print head with a redundancy print mode.

In an example, a print system includes a redundancy engine, a separation engine, and a print engine. In that example, the redundancy engine may identify a group of nozzles based on a redundancy characteristic of a plurality of print head nozzles of a print head to be received at the print head station and the separation engine may select a color separation operation corresponding to a drop domain associated with the group of nozzles identified by the redundancy engine to operate the print head with redundancy. In that example, the print engine may generate instructions using the selected color separation operation to cause the print head to eject print fluid from a combination of nozzles corresponding to the group of nozzles based on the drop domain to operate the print head with a redundancy print mode.

A base material processing apparatus includes a tension detector that detects tension on a base material that is being transported, an encoder that detects the amounts of rotational drive of rollers that transport the base material, edge position detectors that detect the position of an edge of the base material in the width direction, and a transport displacement calculation part that calculates a transport displacement of the base material in the transport direction. The transport displacement calculation part includes an operation unit that has completed learning through machine learning and outputs the transport displacement on the basis of at least one of the result of detecting the tension, the result of detecting the amounts of rotational drive of the rollers, and the result of detecting the position of the edge. Accordingly, the transport displacement can be detected with high accuracy and low cost.

A technique is described for the application of three-dimensional (3D) relief to a substrate such as a ceramic tile using digital inkjet technology. In an example embodiment, the introduced technique includes application of binder ink to a portion of the surface of a substrate using a digital inkjet process. This binder ink forms a barrier layer which protects the portion of the surface of the substrate. Next, a brushing process is applied to remove unprotected portions of the substrate, thereby forming the 3D relief in the substrate.

A technique is described for the application of three-dimensional (3D) relief to a substrate such as a ceramic tile using digital inkjet technology. In an example embodiment, the introduced technique includes application of binder ink to a portion of the surface of a substrate using a digital inkjet process. This binder ink forms a barrier layer which protects the portion of the surface of the substrate. Next, a brushing process is applied to remove unprotected portions of the substrate, thereby forming the 3D relief in the substrate.

A recording method for using a line-type recording apparatus to scan a recording medium with a plurality of line heads once for recording, the line heads having a width greater than or equal to the recording width of the recording medium, the method including a treatment liquid deposition step of depositing a treatment liquid containing a coagulant on the recording medium, and an ink deposition step of ejecting a coloring ink composition from the line heads to deposit the coloring ink composition on the recording medium, wherein in the ink deposition step an identical coloring ink composition is ejected from a first line head placed on the upstream side in the transport direction perpendicular to the width direction of the recording medium and from a second line head placed on the downstream side in the transport direction.

A pretreatment liquid for inkjet recording contains a photobase generator that produces an organic amine compound through light exposure. An inkjet recording apparatus forms an image on an image formation area of a recording medium. The inkjet recording apparatus includes a pretreatment section, a light exposure section, and a recording head. The pretreatment section ejects the pretreatment liquid for inkjet recording toward the image formation area of the recording medium. The light exposure section performs light exposure on the image formation area of the recording medium to which the pretreatment liquid for inkjet recording has been ejected. The recording head ejects an ink toward the image formation area of the recording medium subjected to the light exposure to form the image.