Disclosed are methods of forming substrates which exhibit an interference pattern (e.g., structural color) upon reflection of incident electromagnetic radiation. Provided herein are methods for creating iridescent structural color with large angular spectral separation. The effect can be generated at interfaces with dimensions that are orders of magnitude larger than the wavelength of visible light. The structural color results from light interacting with the geometrical structure of an interface (e.g., a hemispheric/dome-shaped interface between two materials having different refractive indices) in a way that causes light interference. The structural color observed when viewing the surface depends upon the angle of the viewer as well as the angle of the light incident to the surface.

A security paper for manufacturing value documents has a planar substrate equipped on one surface with an anti-forgery means based on a carrier foil having an optically variable security feature. The anti-forgery means and a partial substrate area surrounding the anti-forgery means is furnished with a dirt-repellent radiation-curing first lacquer substantially not influencing the perceptibility of the optically variable security feature. The layer thickness of the lacquer lying is in a range of 0.7 to 2 micrometers. The radiation-curing first lacquer is may be a UV-cross-linking lacquer which after cross-linking is high-gloss. The substrate can be furnished on its surface lying outside the anti-forgery means with a dirt-repellent second lacquer and optionally partly overlaps the first lacquer in the region of the partial substrate area surrounding the anti-forgery means. The second lacquer involves either a physically drying, water-based dispersion lacquer, or a UV-cross-linking lacquer, and has a matt impression.

A security paper for manufacturing value documents has a planar substrate equipped on one surface with an anti-forgery means based on a carrier foil having an optically variable security feature. The anti-forgery means and a partial substrate area surrounding the anti-forgery means is furnished with a dirt-repellent radiation-curing first lacquer substantially not influencing the perceptibility of the optically variable security feature. The layer thickness of the lacquer lying is in a range of 0.7 to 2 micrometers. The radiation-curing first lacquer is may be a UV-cross-linking lacquer which after cross-linking is high-gloss. The substrate can be furnished on its surface lying outside the anti-forgery means with a dirt-repellent second lacquer and optionally partly overlaps the first lacquer in the region of the partial substrate area surrounding the anti-forgery means. The second lacquer involves either a physically drying, water-based dispersion lacquer, or a UV-cross-linking lacquer, and has a matt impression.

A variety of applications exploiting the Shapeless language where the geometry of letters is immaterial; their size and proximity deliver their message. These applications span rescue effort, industrial practice, painting, food preparation, authentication of documents, etc. Shapeless language is computer readable and very robust.

A variety of applications exploiting the Shapeless language where the geometry of letters is immaterial; their size and proximity deliver their message. These applications span rescue effort, industrial practice, painting, food preparation, authentication of documents, etc. Shapeless language is computer readable and very robust.

Optical device, and preferably a security device for a security document, and methods for the production thereof, the device including a diffractive optical element (DOE) including a plurality of subregions, wherein each subregion is configured to produce a projected image corresponding to a frame of an animation, wherein the animation includes both a static component and a variable component, and wherein the sub-regions are arranged such that when the DOE is illuminated by a point light source and moved in at least one direction, the animation is viewable as a projected image.

Optical device, and preferably a security device for a security document, and methods for the production thereof, the device including a diffractive optical element (DOE) including a plurality of subregions, wherein each subregion is configured to produce a projected image corresponding to a frame of an animation, wherein the animation includes both a static component and a variable component, and wherein the sub-regions are arranged such that when the DOE is illuminated by a point light source and moved in at least one direction, the animation is viewable as a projected image.

A security document, along with its methods of formation, is provided. The security document may include a base sheet, a colored coating on the base sheet, a foil laminate on at least a portion of the colored coating, and an outer lacquer coating over the colored coating such that the foil laminate is embedded between the colored coating and the outer lacquer coating. The outer lacquer coating may include a polymeric resin, and may also include a crosslinking agent and a wetting agent.

A security document, along with its methods of formation, is provided. The security document may include a base sheet, a colored coating on the base sheet, a foil laminate on at least a portion of the colored coating, and an outer lacquer coating over the colored coating such that the foil laminate is embedded between the colored coating and the outer lacquer coating. The outer lacquer coating may include a polymeric resin, and may also include a crosslinking agent and a wetting agent.

Examples are directed toward a substrate offset printed with front side markings on a first side and back side markings on a second side. The front side markings and the back side markings have dimensions in a micrometer range. The front side when viewed with reflected light comprises first portions of a plurality of characters. The back side when viewed with reflected light comprises second portions of the plurality of characters. The first portions and the second portions are printed, when viewed with transmitted light, to show the plurality of characters as whole characters having dimensions in the micrometer range.