A structural member includes a simulated surface appearance. The structural member includes a substrate, plural intermediate layers, and a top coat. The plural intermediate layers are applied over at least one surface of the substrate, with at least some of the plural intermediate layers configured to cooperate with each other to provide a simulated appearance for the structural member. The top coat is applied outward of the plural intermediate layers. The top coat is relatively thin and is configured for use with exterior applications. The top coat includes a base configured for UV resistance and an additive configured to provide abrasion resistance.

A surface appearance simulation system includes a carrier web or fluoropolymer film, an overcoat layer disposed on the carrier web or fluoropolymer film, a pigment layer having one or more inks forming a design on the overcoat layer, and a ground coat layer. The carrier web supports the overcoat layer, the pigment layer and the ground coat layer during application of the ground coat layer with a surface of a target object prior to removing the carrier web from the overcoat layer with the carrier web directly abutting the overcoat layer without one or more slip additive materials between the carrier web and the overcoat layer prior to removing the carrier web.

A decorative sheet includes a primary film layer and a surface protection layer provided on one surface of the primary film layer. The surface protection layer has, in its surface, a ridged portion protruding in a ridged pattern to form an irregular shape. The irregular shape of the surface protection layer has RSm/Ra within the range of 10 or greater and 300 or smaller. The surface protection layer includes an ionizing radiation-curable resin as a main material. The ionizing radiation-curable resin is a trifunctional acrylic resin with the main component having a repeating structure. The repeating structure is any of an ethylene oxide structure, a propylene oxide structure, and an -caprolactone structure. The single-bonded carbon ratio in the main component of the ionizing radiation-curable resin falls within the range of 0.725 or greater and 0.955 or smaller.

A decorative sheet includes: a primary film layer; and a surface protective layer, wherein the surface protective layer has a gloss level of 15 or less, the surface protective layer includes a ridged portion projecting in a ridged pattern from a surface of the surface protective layer to form an uneven shape on the surface, the surface protective layer contains an ionizing radiation-curable resin as a main material, the ionizing radiation-curable resin contains, as a main component, a tetrafunctional acrylic resin having a repeating structure, the number of repetitions of the repeating structure is 12 or more, a content of vinyl groups contained in the ionizing radiation-curable resin is 20% or less relative to carbonyl groups contained in the ionizing radiation-curable resin, and the uneven shape of the surface protective layer (5) has RSm/Ra in a range of 10 or greater and 300 or less.

A method for producing a color-changeable synthetic resin surface or lacquered surface includes providing a backing layer with a bottom side and a top side, fully impregnating the backing layer with a liquid impregnant without a stain additive and at least drying the impregnated backing layer. In order to provide a decorative surface with coloring which can be modified by the end consumer in a simple, inexpensive and resistant manner, a layer of coating agent is applied to the top side of the backing layer and is dried, and the backing layer is then bonded to a material, wherein the one layer is cured in order to form an open-pore layer which is at least as transparent as possible upon drying and/or bonding on the top side.

A method is provided for manufacturing panels having a substrate and a decorative top layer that may include a printed motif and a transparent or translucent protective layer formed there above. The method may involve providing the substrate including the printed motif. A first finishing layer may be applied for forming a first portion of the protective layer. Recesses may be formed at a surface of the first finishing layer. A second finishing layer may be applied on top of the first finishing layer for forming a second portion of the protective layer. Recesses may be formed at a surface of the second finishing layer.

A method to produce a building panel, including: providing a substrate, applying a thermosetting binder in dry form on the substrate for forming a sub-layer, applying a sheet on the sub-layer, and pressing the substrate, the sub-layer and the sheet together to form a building panel, thereby the thermosetting binder of the sub-layer impregnates the sheet from below. Also, a semi-finished product.

A method to produce a building panel, including: providing a substrate, applying a thermosetting binder in dry form on the substrate for forming a sub-layer, applying a sheet on the sub-layer, and pressing the substrate, the sub-layer and the sheet together to form a building panel, thereby the thermosetting binder of the sub-layer impregnates the sheet from below. Also, a semi-finished product.

A method of manufacturing a floor board comprises the steps of supplying a panel, printing a curable substance or surface removing substance onto the panel in a predefined pattern for creating an elevation on the panel at the pattern or removing a portion of the surface of the panel at the pattern, respectively, and curing the curable substance or removing any reaction products of the surface removing substance and the panel.

A method for manufacturing a floor panel with a substrate and a top layer of laminate, which floor panel, at one or more edges, is provided with a lower edge region, where the laminate extends in one piece from the actual upper surface of the substrate over the lower edge region at least up to a point. The laminate surface is situated at a level in a horizontal plane which intersects the substrate and that the substrate material, at the location of the lower edge region, has the same or a lower density than at the actual upper surface of the substrate material.