A packaging system having an outboard guard and an outboard retainer cap. The outboard guard includes an outboard guard opening having a hole through the planform of the outboard guard, an engagement portion having an annular surface radially surrounding the outboard guard opening, an outboard bearing protector portion having an annular surface radially surrounding the engagement portion of the outboard guard, and an outer rim having an annular surface radially surrounding the outboard bearing protector portion. The outboard retainer cap is configured to be removably affixed to the outboard guard and includes an outboard alignment protrusion having a circular surface, an engagement portion having an annular surface radially surrounding the outboard alignment protrusion, and a retaining flange having an annular surface radially surrounding the engagement portion of the outboard retainer cap.

The invention is directed to a vehicle wheel (1) comprising a fiber reinforced polymer rim (2) for receiving a tire at its radially outer side (3). The rim (2) comprises an outer rim flange (4), an outer rim seat (5), a frusto-conical plane (6) inclined at an angle a relative to the rotational axis (7) of the wheel of between 1 and 90 Q, an inner rim seat (8) and an inner rim flange (9). A wheel hub (10) is connected to the rim (2) via a metal support element (11). The support element (11) is connected with the rim (2) through at least one connecting element (12) which extends through a radially elongated opening (13) in the frusto conical plane (6) of the rim (2) and is received in the support element (11). The support element (11) may alternatively be connected with the rim (2) through at least three connecting elements (12) which extend through radially elongated openings (13) in the support element (11).

A wheel spacer disc for motor vehicles having a plurality of wheel bolt openings, a rim centering element for centering a rim relative to the wheel spacer disc, and a wheel hub centering element for centering the wheel spacer disc relative to a wheel hub. The plurality of wheel bolt openings are designed in each case as stepped openings for the respective partial reception of shaft nuts, wherein a section of the stepped openings having a greater diameter is arranged on a side of the wheel spacer disc on which the rim centering element is arranged.

A lug nut removal tool for applying rotational force on all lug nuts is shown having a circular frame member, a drive lug, a drive gear, and a plurality of transfer assemblies that each include an adjustable sockets. In one embodiment, rotation of the drive lug actuates the drive gear, thereby causing the each discrete transfer assembly to rotate. The transfer assemblies each include an adjustable socket for engaging a corresponding lug nut on a target wheel. In operation, each socket is first aligned with a corresponding lug nuts on a target vehicle wheel, locked in place, and then turned through the rotational force applied to the drive lug that is transferred to the its integrated transfer assembly by way of the drive gear.