The tire includes a crown reinforcement which is formed of three working crown layers of reinforcing elements. The reinforcing elements of the two radially outermost working layers are crossed from one layer to the other, making with the circumferential direction angles of between 20 and 45 the circumferential direction, of the reinforcing elements of the radially innermost working layer being between 15 and 20. The reinforcing elements of the two radially innermost working layers are oriented in the same direction with respect to the circumferential direction. The difference between the angles of the reinforcing elements of the radially innermost working layers is greater than 10. The widths of the two radially outermost working layers are greater than the 0.7 times the width of the tread, and the width of the radially innermost working layer is strictly less than 0.7 times the width of the tread.

At a pneumatic tire (11), in a pneumatic tire in which a reinforcing layer (11) is structured from at least one reinforcing ply (53) in which are embedded plural reinforcing cords (54) that are formed from steel and are inclined with respect to a tire equator S, an inclination angle A of the reinforcing cords (54) with respect to the tire equator S is within a range of 40 to 90, and a compressive rigidity F per 50 mm width of a reinforcing layer (52) in a direction parallel to the reinforcing cords (54) is within a range of 1000 to 2400 N.

A pneumatic commercial vehicle tire of radial design includes at least a three-ply belt, of which two belt plies are working plies and one radially outermost belt ply is a cover ply. Each of these belt plies includes reinforcements which are made of steel cord and which are embedded in elastomer. The steel cords of each of the three belt plies are coated with brass so as to provide for good elastomer adhesion. The brass coating of the reinforcement supports of the two working plies has a copper proportion of 60 wt. % to 65 wt. % and the brass coating of the reinforcement supports of the cover ply has a copper proportion of 66 wt. % to 70 wt. %.

A process for drawing a steel wire, in which the wire has a carbon content by weight C of 0.4%C0.74%, includes an uninterrupted series of drawing steps. The drawing steps draw the wire from a diameter d to a diameter d, with d and d being expressed in mm, and with a true strain of the steel wire being given by =2ln(d/d), with >4.

A cord-rubber composite 11 comprises a cord array 12 of parallel steel cords 14, and an unvulcanized topping rubber 13 coating the cord array 12 and having a complex elastic modulus E* of not less than 5 MPa after vulcanization. The code array has a surface area parameter S (mm) of not less than 60 mm. The surface area parameter s (mm) is defined by the following expression: S=DPiE, wherein E is a cord count of the steel cords 14 per 5 cm width of the cord-rubber composite 11 in a direction orthogonal to longitudinal directions of the steel cords, and D is an average outer diameter (mm) of the steel cords per the 5 cm width.

A multi-strand cord (50) comprises an internal layer (CI) of the cord made up of K=1 two-layer (C1, C3) internal strand (TI), with the internal layer (C1) being made up of Q internal metallic threads (F1), and the external layer (C3) being made up of N external metallic threads (F3), and an external layer (CE) of the cord made up of L>1 two-layer (C1, C3) external strands (TE) wound around the internal layer (CI) of the cord, with the internal layer (C1) being made up of Q internal metallic threads (F1), and the external layer (C3) being made up of N external metallic threads (F3). The cord (50) has an endurance criterion SL40 000 MPa.Math.mm with $SL=\max \left(\frac{{}_{\mathrm{bending\_CI}}}{\mathrm{Cp}};\frac{{}_{\mathrm{bending\_CE}}}{C_r\mathrm{Cp}}\right)$
and a size criterion Ec0.46 with Ec=Sc/Se.

Disclosed is a tire-reinforcing steel cord for a radial tire. The tire-reinforcing steel cord has a double layer structure including a first-layer core and a second-layer core provided on the surface of the first-layer core. The first-layer core has an elliptical or rectangular cross section. The tire-reinforcing steel cord can improve processability, fatigue characteristics, and rolling resistance performance of a tire, resulting in improved fuel efficiency. A radial tire using the tire-reinforcing steel cord is also disclosed.

A steel cord for rubber reinforcement that has a construction with an outer layer and an inner strand surrounded by and adjacent to the outer layer, the inner strand having at least one steel filament with a number of N.sub.1 and an average diameter of d.sub.1 expressed in mm, the outer layer having steel filaments with a number of N.sub.2 and an average diameter of d.sub.2 expressed in mm. The inner strand has a torque T.sub.1 and the outer layer has a torque T.sub.2, the relation between T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 is defined. By doing this, the tip rise problem of the rubber ply reinforced by steel cords is reduced.

A flat or planar reinforcer shaped as a multicomposite strip (R1), which is defined by three main perpendicular directions: an axial direction (X), a transverse direction (Y), and a radial direction (Z), has a width L.sub.R in the Y direction of between 2 and 100 mm, and has a thickness E.sub.R in the Z direction of between 0.1 and 5 mm. A ratio L.sub.R/E.sub.R is greater than 3. The multicomposite strip includes a plurality of monofilaments made of a composite material. The monofilaments are oriented along the X direction and include filaments of a mineral material embedded in a thermoset resin having a glass transition temperature Tg.sub.1 that is greater than 70 C. The monofilaments are coated in a layer of thermoplastic material. The reinforcer may be used to reinforce a tire and a multilayer laminate, which may be used to reinforce a tire.

Provided is a tire such that both tire weight reduction and high durability can be achieved by establishing a technology capable of ensuring the sufficient effect of preventing diameter growth even when the amount of steel used in a belt layer is decreased. The tire includes: two or more crossing belt layers 4 including rubberized layers of steel cords tilting and extending at an angle of 10 to 30 with respect to a tire equatorial plane, the rubberized layers being arranged such that the directions of the cords intersect each other; and a high-angle bell layer 3 including a rubberized layer of steel cords tilting and extending at an angle which is 5 or more greater than the angle of the crossing belt layers. The mass of the steel cords per unit area included in the high-angle belt layer is 85% or less of the mass of the steel cords per unit area included in the crossing belt layers, and compressive rigidity per unit area in a cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the steel cords of the high-angle belt layer is greater than compressive rigidity per unit area in a cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the steel cords of the crossing belt layers.