Embodiments of the disclosure include pneumatic tires having improved snow performance. Said tires include a cap ply extending at least partially across a full width of at least one of the belt plies and having a rupture force greater than 210 N per 15 mm of cap ply width. A shoulder rib includes a compliance groove or sipe extending primarily in a circumferential direction and to a depth equal to or less than 75% of the skid depth. The lateral sipes and grooves are arranged to provide an average lateral feature spacing of less than 15 mm. The average inclination angle for the lateral grooves is greater than 6 degrees in the shoulder ribs and is greater than 20 degrees in the central ribs. A longitudinal non-lateral sipe edge density is greater than 21.1 micrometers/mm.sup.2. A longitudinal lateral sipe edge density for all lateral sipes is greater than 5.5 micrometers/mm.sup.2.

Provided is a tire having excellent rolling resistance and improved pass-by noise performance. The tire is a pneumatic tire comprising a side rubber provided on an outer side of a carcass in a tire width direction, in a sidewall portion, wherein a thickness of the side rubber in the tire width direction at a tire maximum width position is 1 mm or more, and a ratio 0° C. tan δ/30° C. tan δ of 0° C. tan δ to 30° C. tan δ of the side rubber is 2.00 or more, where the 0° C. tan δ is tan δ at 10 Hz and 0° C., and the 30° C. tan δ is tan δ at 10 Hz and 30° C.

Provided is a tire having excellent rolling resistance and improved pass-by noise performance. A tire comprises a tread portion that includes a base rubber and a cap rubber located on an outer side of the base rubber in a tire radial direction, wherein a thickness of the base rubber in the tire radial direction is 1 mm or more, 30° C. tan δ of the base rubber is 0.20 or less, and a ratio 0° C. tan δ/30° C. tan δ of 0° C. tan δ to 30° C. tan δ of the base rubber is 2.90 or more, where the 30° C. tan δ is tan δ at 10 Hz and 30° C., and the 0° C. tan δ is tan δ at 10 Hz and 0° C.

A pneumatic tire has inner mediate land portions and center land portion(s) that are divided into a plurality of blocks by lateral grooves. Each of the lateral grooves includes a pair of wide portions opening to a main groove and a narrow portion coupling the pair of the wide portions. one-side-closed sipes are formed in a bottom of each of the lateral grooves formed in the inner mediate land portions. The one-side-closed sipes are open at the wide portions and close at the narrow portion. a both-sides-open sipe is formed in a bottom of each of the lateral grooves formed in the center land portion or portions. The both-sides-open sipe is open at the wide portions and at the narrow portion.

In a tire, a shape index of a reference ground contact surface is not less than 1.20 and not greater than 1.50. In the tire, a tread includes a cap layer, an intermediate layer formed such that a loss tangent of the intermediate layer at 30° C. is less than a loss tangent of the cap layer at 30° C. and a base layer formed such that a loss tangent of the base layer at 30° C. is less than the loss tangent of the intermediate layer at 30° C. In the radial direction, the intermediate layer is disposed outwardly of the base layer and the cap layer is disposed outwardly of the intermediate layer. In a shoulder land portion of the tread, a thickness of the cap layer at a center of an axial width is less than a thickness of the cap layer on the shoulder circumferential groove side.

A pneumatic tire that specifies the tire mounting direction when mounted on a vehicle and has sufficiently improved grip performance at high-speed turning is provided in which the cap rubber layer on the outermost layer of the tread is divided in the tire width direction, the cap rubber layer located on the outside of the vehicle is formed of a rubber composition containing 25% by mass or less of styrene in the rubber component and having a glass transition temperature of −18° C. or higher, and, when the carbon black content ratio is C.sub.OUT (mass %), and the ground contact area ratio is L.sub.OUT, in the cap rubber layer located on the outside of the vehicle, and the carbon black content ratio is C.sub.IN (mass %) and the ground contact area ratio is L.sub.IN in the cap rubber layer located inside the vehicle, the following (Formula 1) and (Formula 2) are satisfied.

C.sub.IN<C.sub.OUT  (Formula 1)

0≤(C.sub.OUT×L.sub.OUT)−(C.sub.IN×L.sub.IN)  (Formula 2)

A pneumatic tire comprising a tread composed of a rubber composition containing 30 to 120 parts by mass of silica having a BET specific surface area of 180 to 280 m.sup.2/g based on 100 parts by mass of a rubber component, wherein, under a normal state with no load where the pneumatic tire is mounted with a normal rim and filled with a normal internal pressure, a grounding surface shape in which a normal load is applied and the tread is pressed against a plane surface satisfies the following equation (1): 0.95≤SL0/SL80≤1.6 (wherein, SL0 is a ground contact length in a circumferential direction of the tire on a tire equator, and SL80 is a ground contact length in a circumferential direction of the tire on a position away from the tire equator by a distance in a tire axial direction of 80% of a tread grounding half width.)

A tire for an aeroplane with the tread (2) comprising two shoulder ribs (6) having an axial width L.sub.S, each shoulder rib (6) comprises cavities (8) that open onto the tread surface (3), forming an opening surface (81) inscribed in a circle of diameter D. These cavities (8) are distributed circumferentially at a circumferential spacing P and along a periodic curve (9) having a period T and an amplitude A. The circumferential spacing P between two consecutive cavities (8) is at most equal to 0.2 times the period T of the periodic curve (9), the period T of the periodic curve (9) is at most equal to the circumferential length L.sub.C of the contact patch (31), and the amplitude A of the periodic curve (9) is at most equal to 0.5 times the axial width L.sub.S of the shoulder rib (6).

A pneumatic tire (10) has, in the surface of the tread (11), a central circumferential groove (12) located at the center of the contact patch width and extending circumferentially around the tire, a plurality of longitudinal grooves (13 (13a, 13b)) formed on the axially outside of the central circumferential groove (12), lug grooves (15), and blocks (16 (16a to 16c)) defined by the central circumferential groove (12), the longitudinal grooves (13), and the lug grooves (15). Each of the lug grooves (15) is formed such that its width in the shoulder region is greater than its width in the central region, and the sum of the groove area of the central circumferential groove (12) and the groove area of the longitudinal grooves (13) is smaller than the area of the lug grooves (15). As a result, the pneumatic tire (10) not only secures the wet braking performance and wear resistance performance on paved roads, but also improves the acceleration performance and braking performance and the steering stability performance on snowy roads.

A heavy duty tire has a carcass extending from a tread portion to a bead core in a bead portion through a sidewall portion, and a belt layer disposed on the outside of the carcass in the tire radial direction and on the inside of the tread portion. In a state in which a distance between a pair of bead heels is kept at 110% of a wheel rim width of a standard wheel rim and no inner pressure is applied, the contour shape of the tread portion is formed by a 1st circular arc having a center on the tire equatorial plane, and a pair of 2nd circular arcs, disposed on both outsides of the 1st circular arc in the tire axial direction. The radius of the 2nd circular arc is more than the radius R1 of the 1st circular arc. One 2nd circular arc has the center on the other 2nd circular arc side of the tire equator in the tire axial direction, and the other 2nd circular arc has the center on the one 2nd circular arc side of the tire equator in the tire axial direction.