A tire (10) for driving on ice, comprising: a tread (20) having a rolling surface with a groove, a stud (30) with a part (31) thereof projecting from the rolling surface and having a minimum cross section Sm; a conduit (200-205) that forms, on the rolling surface of the tire, two opposing edges (211, 221; 212, 222; 213, 223), the conduit opening into the groove and/or onto a lateral face of the tread; wherein, for each stud, the sum of the mean cross sections Sn of the conduits, each mean cross section Sn being measured at right angles to one of the opposing edges formed by the conduit, is greater than or equal to half the minimum cross section Sm of that part of the stud that projects from the tread.

A steel-cleated, all terrain tire has cleats that dynamically engage with changing road conditions, across slick ice and bridges, and while turning, breaking and accelerating on steep terrain. The tire design can provide stability and an enormous safety benefit in dangerous conditions, on demand, without the driver's intervention. The tire design can be used for military vehicles and aircraft, commercial jets, turboprop aircraft, heavy equipment, commercial diesel trucks, helicopters, law enforcement vehicles, fire and rescue vehicles, school buses, government vehicles, sport cars, and the like. The tire design include spring loaded cleats that can are spaced about and extend outward from the tire's surface. The spring load may be strong enough to permit the cleat to penetrate ice and the like, while not damaging asphalt or concrete roadways.

A tire mold comprises sector molds for forming a tread portion of a tire and mold pins provided on the sector molds for forming insertion holes in the tread portion. The insertion holes each comprise a first hole portion with a first inner diameter where a body portion of a stud pin is disposed and a second hole portion with a second inner diameter greater than the first inner diameter where a bottom flange portion of the stud pin is disposed. The mold pins each comprise a trunk portion with a first outer diameter for forming the first hole portion and a tip portion with a second outer diameter greater than the first outer diameter for forming the second hole portion.

A pneumatic tire includes stud pins inserted into holes disposed in the tire surface. The stud pins each include a body portion and a flange disposed closer to the bottom side of each of the holes than the body portion and having an outer diameter larger than the body portion. The holes each include a securing portion coming into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the body portion of the stud pin to secure the stud pin and an enlarged diameter portion disposed closer to the bottom wall side of the hole than the securing portion, having an inner diameter larger than the securing portion, and coming into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the flange of the stud pin to secure the stud pin. The side wall of the enlarged diameter portion is provided with a protrusion protruding toward the interior of the hole.

A studded tire includes stud pins embedded in a road contact surface of a tread portion 1; the rubber composition forming the tread portion containing at least one of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and butadiene rubber, from 5 to 50 parts by weight of carbon black and from 5 to 70 parts by weight of silica per 100 parts by weight of the diene rubber; a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of the carbon black being from 50 to 120 m.sup.2/g; a CTAB specific surface area of the silica being from 80 to 190 m.sup.2/g; a rubber hardness of the rubber composition being not greater than 60; and a product of a stress at the time of 400% elongation and a bottom surface area of a flange portion on a bottom side of the stud pins being not less than 400 MPa.Math.mm.sup.2 and not greater than 850 MPa.Math.mm.sup.2.

Provided is a tire for winter of which on-snow performance can be improved without compromising anti-wandering performance. A tire for winter comprises a tread part The tread part is provided with: a plurality of first inclined major grooves extending at an incline from one tread end beyond a tire equator and ending without reaching another tread end; first inclined minor grooves provided between the first inclined major grooves; a plurality of second inclined major grooves extending at an incline from the other tread end, in a direction opposite the first inclined major grooves, beyond the tire equator and ending without reaching the one tread end; second inclined minor grooves provided between the second inclined major grooves; a plurality of first longitudinal grooves dividing first land parts; and a plurality of second longitudinal grooves dividing second land parts.

System, apparatus, articles of manufacture and methods useful for determining an approximate amount of one or more ingredients of wear material released from the wear portion of an item that wears during use of the item involve the use of a material release tracker that is associated with the wear portion and which can be used to estimate the amount of one or more ingredients released from the wear portion.

System, apparatus, articles of manufacture and methods useful for determining an approximate amount of one or more ingredients of wear material released from the wear portion of an item that wears during use of the item involve the use of a material release tracker that is associated with the wear portion and which can be used to estimate the amount of one or more ingredients released from the wear portion.

A tyre (200) includes a tread (210) having tread blocks (220); a plurality of stud holes (250); and a plurality of studs (100) installed in at least some of the stud holes (250). Studs (100b) in a centre area (CR) of the tyre (200) have higher protrusion from a surface of the tread block (220) than studs (100a) in a shoulder area (SR1, SR2) of the tyre (200).