A stud pin includes a tip and a body portion provided around a center axis of the stud pin. The body portion includes an upper flange, a lower flange, and a shank portion connecting the upper flange and the lower flange. A first side surface of the lower flange includes a first curved surface recessed inward in relation to the body portion. A second side surface of the upper flange includes a second curved surface bulging toward a periphery of the body portion, and a pair of flat surfaces configured to connect the second curved surface to interpose the second curved surface. A trough portion where the first curved surface is most recessed and a peak portion where the second curved surface is most bulged are located at an identical orientation position about the center axis as viewed from the axial direction.

A stud pin configured to be installed in a stud pin installation hole in a tread portion of a pneumatic tire includes a tip end which makes contact with a road surface; and a buried base embedded in the tread portion; pressure from the side surface of the stud pin installation hole on the bottom portion and the trunk portion securing the stud pin. The buried base extends in one direction and includes a flanged trunk portion provided between the bottom portion and the tip portion. The bottom portion includes a plurality of first recesses formed on and along an outer peripheral surface thereof that is in contact with a side surface of the stud pin installation hole. The trunk portion includes a plurality of second recesses formed on and along an outer peripheral surface thereof that is in contact with the side surface of the stud pin installation hole.

A stud pin and a pneumatic tire are provided. A tip portion of the stud pin includes an end surface with a concave polygonal profile shape including one recessed portion and one protrusion portion on a side opposite the recessed portion. The stud pin is mounted in a stud pin installation hole with the protrusion portion facing a leading side in a tire circumferential direction and the recessed portion face a trailing side.

A stud is for improving grip of a tyre. The stud includes a body having a base flange and a second part, the second part being joined to the base flange, and a pin protruding from the second part in the longitudinal direction (Sz) of the stud. The pin is made of hard metal or ceramic. The base flange has a first cross-section having a first area. The pin has a second cross-section having a second area. A ratio of the first area to the second area is 6.5 to 21. Moreover, the pin protrudes a first height from the second part such that a ratio of the first area to the first height is 20 to 50 mm.sup.2/mm.

A tyre includes a tread having tread blocks; a plurality of stud holes; and a plurality of studs installed in at least some of the stud holes. A constellation of the studs is such that less than two studs are in a line perpendicular to a rolling direction of the tyre. Less than two studs within an area of a footprint are in the same line parallel to the rolling direction. A distance between two adjacent studs is more than 20 mm.

A tyre includes a tread having tread blocks such that grooves are arranged between the tread blocks and studs installed into at least some of the tread blocks. A central region of the tread is arranged between a first shoulder region of the tread and a second shoulder region of the tread. A land ratio of the central region of the tread of the tyre is 1 to 30 percentage points greater than either or both of a land ratio of the first shoulder region of the tread of the tyre and a land ratio of the second shoulder region of the tread of the tyre.

A tyre (200) includes a tread (210) and multiple studs (100) in the tread (210) such that at least pins (110) of the studs (100) are exposed on the tread (210). The tyre (200) is configured such that a load index (LI) of the tyre (200) as defined in The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization Standards Manual (2023) table G.7 is from eighty-six to one hundred sixteen (from 86 to 116). The tyre (200) is further configured such that a road wear of the tyre (200) as measured according to the standard SFS7503:2022:en is less than the value calculatable by the polynomial formula 0.000139LI.sup.2+0.0431LI1.90.

A tyre (200) includes a tread (210) having tread blocks (220); a plurality of stud holes (250); and a plurality of studs (100) installed in at least some of the stud holes (250). Studs (100b) in a centre area (CR) of the tyre (200) have higher protrusion from a surface of the tread block (220) than studs (100a) in a shoulder area (SR1, SR2) of the tyre (200).

According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a stud (100) for a pneumatic tyre. The stud includes a sleeve (120), which comprises or is formed of a thermoplastic elastomer or silicone based material and which comprises a pin hole (126). The stud also includes a pin (110) being formed as a unitary piece form a wear resistant material or compound and inserted into the pin hole (126).

A tyre (200) includes a tread (210) having tread blocks (220); a plurality of stud holes (250); and a plurality of studs (100) installed in at least some of the stud holes (250). Studs (100b) in a centre area (CR) of the tyre (200) have higher protrusion from a surface of the tread block (220) than studs (100a) in a shoulder area (SR1, SR2) of the tyre (200).