A pneumatic tire includes one carcass including a folded up portion and a reinforcing layer between the folded up portion and a bead filler. The folded up portion has an end portion in a region inward of a belt layer in a radial direction and inward of the belt layer in a lateral direction. The bead filler has an outer end portion distanced from a bead heel portion from 20% or more to 40% or less of a tire cross-sectional height. The reinforcing layer has an outer end portion outward of the outer end portion of the bead filler in the radial direction and inward in the radial direction with respect to a position of a tire maximum width position in the radial direction. A sidewall portion is formed of a side rubber having tan at 60 C. of from 0.04 or more to 0.10 or less.

The invention relates to a rubberized reinforcing ply for articles made of elastomeric material, preferably for pneumatic vehicle tires, where the reinforcing ply has a multitude of strength members which are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, where each strength member consists of at least one twisted multifilament yarn composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), where the multifilament yarn has a yarn count (linear density) of 50 to 1100 dtex and a linear density-based ultimate tensile strength of 70 cN/tex in accordance with ASTM D885-16, and where the rubberized material has a thickness D. The invention further relates to a pneumatic vehicle tire comprising this reinforcing ply.

The multifilament yarn has an elongation at break of 10% to 20% in accordance with ASTM D885-16, a crystallinity determined via DSC of 55% to 65% and a birefringence n with 0.21n0.25.

A pneumatic radial tire includes a pair of opposing bead areas, in which each bead area includes a bead core and a bead apex. At least one carcass reinforcing ply includes a turn up at each bead core, and each turn up includes a radially outward end. A pair of chippers is disposed axially inwardly of each turn up outward end, in which the pair of chippers includes a first chipper and a second chipper. The first chipper is disposed axially inwardly of the bead apex, and the second chipper is disposed axially outwardly of the first chipper and axially inwardly of the bead apex. Forces due to deflection of the tire are limited by the pair of chippers to reduce stresses along each turn up.

In a pneumatic tire, a bead filler is radially outward of a bead core, a carcass turned up end is radially inward of an outer side end of the bead filler, the turned up end is spaced from a carcass body, a reinforcement layer is laterally outward of the bead filler, a sidewall rubber extends from a sidewall to the bead, an inner rubber reinforcing layer is between the bead filler and the reinforcement layer and adjacent to the turned up end, a crack suppression layer is between the reinforcement layer and the sidewall rubber, the crack suppression layer extends 5 mm or more from where the crack suppression layer overlaps, the reinforcement layer contacts the carcass body radially outwardly of the bead filler, and a 100% modulus Kc.sub.M100 of the crack suppression layer is at least 1.5 times that of the sidewall rubber.

Disclosed is a tire-reinforcing steel cord for a radial tire. The tire-reinforcing steel cord has a double layer structure including a first-layer core and a second-layer core provided on the surface of the first-layer core. The first-layer core has an elliptical or rectangular cross section. The tire-reinforcing steel cord can improve processability, fatigue characteristics, and rolling resistance performance of a tire, resulting in improved fuel efficiency. A radial tire using the tire-reinforcing steel cord is also disclosed.

Provided is a pneumatic tire in which fiber reinforced layers on an outer side of a steel reinforced layer in a width direction each include fiber cords arranged in one direction, the fiber cords being oriented to cross each other between layers, a radially outer end of one of the fiber reinforced layers being radially outward of a turned-up end portion of a carcass layer, a radially outer end portion of another one of the fiber reinforced layers being radially inward of the turned-up end portion and radially outward of a line segment (K). Radially inner end portions of the fiber reinforced layers are inward in the width direction of a line segment (J), and cord angles A and B of the fiber reinforced layers satisfy 20|A|45 or 70|A|90, and 20|B|45 or 70|B|90.

Provided is a pneumatic tire in which fiber reinforced layers on an outer side of a steel reinforced layer in a width direction each include fiber cords arranged in one direction, the fiber cords being oriented to cross each other between layers, a radially outer end of one of the fiber reinforced layers being radially outward of a turned-up end portion of a carcass layer, a radially outer end portion of another one of the fiber reinforced layers being radially inward of the turned-up end portion and radially outward of a line segment (K). Radially inner end portions of the fiber reinforced layers are inward in the width direction of a line segment (J), and cord angles A and B of the fiber reinforced layers satisfy 20|A|45 or 70|A|90, and 20|B|45 or 70|B|90.

Provided is a method and apparatus for cell staining without cell loss, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for cell staining without cell loss during treatment of a staining reagent or washing reagent by immobilizing cells to be analyzed in a phase change material before staining. A method for cell staining without cell loss may effectively prevent cell loss during staining and analysis of rare cells that are becoming important in clinical diagnosis, and thus may facilitate observation, analysis and diagnosis thereby even with a trace amount of sample. In addition, as the method for cell staining without cell loss allows immobilization of cells, it makes discrimination and isolation of single cells easy, and may be effectively used in analysis of the isolated cells.