A suspension assembly for a vehicle having a frame includes a control arm, knuckle, spring, damper, and control module. The control arm is pivotably coupled to the frame. The knuckle is coupled to the control arm and supports a wheel hub for rotation relative to the knuckle. The spring is mounted between the frame and the control arm or the knuckle. The damper has an adjustable damping force and includes a first end mounted to the frame and a second end mounted such that a change in caster angle of the knuckle extends or contracts the damper. The control module is in communication with the damper and configured to adjust a damping force of the damper based on an actual or predicted change in caster angle of the knuckle. The control module is configured to increase the damping force in a direction that resists a change in the caster angle.

An in-wheel suspension system includes an assembly with a main arm that is pivotally connected at a connection point on the main arm to a shaft point of a wheel, a first linkage unit pivotally connected at one end to a first end of the main arm, and a second linkage unit pivotally connected at one end to a second end of the main arm. At least one second end of the first linkage unit and at least one second end of the second linkage unit, that are not connected to the main arm, are pivotally connectable each to a reference frame at a defined distance between them, such as to form a substantially Z like shape.

An in-wheel suspension system includes an assembly with a main arm that is pivotally connected at a connection point on the main arm to a shaft point of a wheel, a first linkage unit pivotally connected at one end to a first end of the main arm, and a second linkage unit pivotally connected at one end to a second end of the main arm. At least one second end of the first linkage unit and at least one second end of the second linkage unit, that are not connected to the main arm, are pivotally connectable each to a reference frame at a defined distance between them, such as to form a substantially Z like shape.

A front two-wheel suspension system having a pair of left and right front wheels includes: left and right upper kingpin axles that support the left and right front wheels and are pivoted in a yaw direction by a steering shaft; left and right knuckle arms that are coupled to the left and right upper kingpin axles and pivoted in the yaw direction by the steering shaft; left and right upper arms that couple the left and right knuckle arms and left and right cushion units; and left and right first pivots that make the left and right knuckle arms and the left and right upper arms pivotable in the yaw direction. The upper kingpin axles and the first pivots are coaxial.

An in-wheel suspension system includes an assembly with a main arm that is pivotally connected at a connection point on the main arm to a shaft point of a wheel, a first linkage unit pivotally connected at one end to a first end of the main arm, and a second linkage unit pivotally connected at one end to a second end of the main arm. At least one second end of the first linkage unit and at least one second end of the second linkage unit, that are not connected to the main arm, are pivotally connectable each to a reference frame at a defined distance between them, such as to form a substantially Z like shape.

Independent wheel suspensions for a motor vehicle are described herein. An example independent wheel suspension includes a link to be pivotably coupled to a vehicle body of the motor vehicle via a first flexible pivot bearing and a second flexible pivot bearing. The first and second flexible pivot bearings form a pivoting axis. The link has a wheel attachment point to which a vehicle wheel is to be coupled. The example independent wheel suspension also includes a spring to be disposed between the link and the vehicle body. The spring is configured to produce a force component on the link that is directed outward along a transverse axis of the motor vehicle and that increases during compression.

A wheelchair suspension includes a frame, a drive assembly pivot arm, a drive assembly, a front caster pivot arm, a front caster, and a spring and shock absorbing assembly. The drive assembly pivot arm is pivotally connected to the frame. The drive assembly includes a drive wheel and is mounted to the drive assembly pivot arm. The front caster pivot arm is pivotally mounted to the frame and coupled to the drive assembly pivot arm. The front caster is coupled to the at least one front caster pivot arm. The spring and shock absorbing assembly is pivotally connected to the drive assembly pivot arm at a first pivotal connection and pivotally connected to the front caster pivot arm at a second pivotal connection. The first and second pivotal connections are positioned such that a majority of the force applied by the spring and shock absorbing assembly is applied to the drive wheel when the suspension is on a flat, horizontal support surface.

Embodiments relate to an off-road vehicle comprising a frame, including at least one cargo box support member, a suspension movably coupled to the frame, a passenger compartment, an engine, a transmission operatively coupled to the engine, and a cargo box. The cargo box includes a floor and a plurality of upwardly extending sidewalls, wherein at least a portion of the cargo box floor extends over the at least one cargo box support member and wherein the cargo box is removably coupled to the at least one cargo box support members and is removable from the off-road vehicle via the removal of fewer than eight fasteners.

An off-road vehicle includes a frame, a front suspension, and a rear suspension. In some examples of the off-road vehicle, the rear suspension includes trailing arms with are pivotally attached to the frame rearward of an operator area. Further, the frame can include a front subframe assembly and a rear subframe assembly which are easily removable from the main frame of the vehicle to permit access to various components of the off-road vehicle.

An electric drive system including: a rotary motor system including a hub assembly, a first rotating assembly, a second rotating assembly, and a third rotating assembly, wherein the hub assembly defines a rotational axis about which the first rotating assembly, the second rotating assembly, and the third rotating assembly are coaxially aligned and are capable of independent rotational movement independent of each other; a mechanical guide system supporting the hub assembly and constraining movement of the hub assembly so that the rotational axis of the hub assembly moves along a defined path that is in a transverse direction relative to the rotational axis; and a multi-bar linkage mechanism connecting to each of the first and third rotating assemblies and connecting the hub assembly to the mechanical guide system, wherein the multi-bar linkage mechanism causes the rotational axis of the hub assembly to translate along the defined path in response to relative rotation of the first rotating assembly and third rotating assembly with respect to each other.