A glass panel apparatus is provided. The glass panel apparatus includes an outer glass pane comprising a low-e coating on a side facing the inner glass pane, an inner glass pane comprising a low-e coating on a side facing the outer glass pane, a gap between the inner glass pane and the outer glass pane, the gap comprising a vacuum, and a heating element configured to heat the inner glass pane.

A heating film may include a base layer made of polymer resin, a plurality of electrode lines spaced from each other and disposed on the base layer, a mesh-type support layer disposed between the electrode lines and made of a thermally conductive material, and a heating layer that has first and second end portions connected to the respective electrode lines, is made of a carbon composite material, and generates heat when powered.

A windshield defogging system and method are provided. The system includes a heated windshield with an electrical heating element, an air circulation system with a blower to provide a stream of air over a surface of the windshield and a controller configured to select a duty cycle for the heating element based upon air circulation system operating parameters and environmental conditions such as ambient temperature.

A first heater heats a vehicle compartment by using cooling water of the internal combustion engine. A second heater heats the vehicle compartment by using electrical power supplied by the electrical storage device. The controller during driving of the internal combustion engine, when a temperature of the cooling water is equal to or higher than a reference temperature, controls the internal combustion engine to stop; when the second heater is operated during driving of the internal combustion engine, when a state quantity indicating a state of charge of the electrical storage device is equal to or higher than a threshold, controls the second heater such that an amount of heat generation of the second heater is higher than that generated when the state quantity is less than the threshold; and sets the reference temperature to be low as compared to when the state quantity is less than the threshold.

Air conditioner units and methods for operating air conditioner units are provided. A method includes determining an operational state of each heater bank of a plurality of heater banks of the air conditioner unit, and determining a speed of a blower fan of the air conditioner unit when the operational state of every heater bank is active. The method further includes comparing a blower fan motor rotational frequency to a rotational frequency threshold value when the speed is a low speed, and deactivating one of the plurality of heater banks when the blower fan motor rotational frequency is greater than the rotational frequency threshold value.

A heating temperature is appropriately estimated according to an operation mode to achieve comfortable vehicle interior air conditioning. A vehicular air conditioning device 1 includes a compressor 2, an air flow passage 3, a radiator 4 for heating air to be supplied to a vehicle interior, a heat absorber 9 for cooling the air to be supplied to the vehicle interior, and a heat pump controller. The heat pump controller calculates a heating temperature TH being the temperature of air on a leeward side of the radiator and use the heating temperature in control, and calculates the heating temperature TH using an estimation formula which differs depending on the operation mode.

A radiation heating device includes: a planar heat generation layer; a heat generation portion that is provided in the heat generation layer and that generates heat by energization; a plurality of heat radiation portions that are disposed in the heat generation layer and that radiate heat transferred from the heat generation portion; a low heat conduction portion that is provided around each of the heat radiation portions and that has a lower heat conductivity than the heat radiation portions; and a contact detection unit that detects contact of an object with the heat generation layer. The radiation heating device further includes an energization amount decrease unit that decreases an energization amount of the heat generation portion when the contact detection unit detects the contact of the object with the heat generation layer.

A radiant panel (1) intended to be installed inside a vehicle (80) passenger compartment (3), in particular a motor vehicle passenger compartment, the radiant panel (1) comprising at least one array of electrodes with at least two primary electrodes of different polarities, the array of electrodes being arranged such that at least two primary electrodes of different polarities each define at least one spiral winding around one another.

A heating apparatus for a vehicle includes: a heat-generating apparatus including a heat-generating portion generating heat and a heat-insulating portion positioned above the heat-generating portion and insulating the heat generated from the heat-generating portion; and a storage apparatus storing the heat-generating apparatus.

Certain disclosed embodiments pertain to controlling temperature in a passenger compartment of a vehicle. For example, a temperature control system (TCS) can include an air channel configured to deliver airflow to the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The TCS can include a one thermal energy source and a heat transfer device connected to the air channel. A first fluid circuit can circulate coolant to the thermal energy source and a thermoelectric device (TED). A second fluid circuit can circulate coolant to the TED and the heat transfer device. A bypass circuit can connect the thermal energy source to the heat transfer device. An actuator can cause coolant to circulate selectively in either the bypass circuit or the first fluid circuit and the second fluid circuit. A control device can operate the actuator when it is determined that the thermal energy source is ready to provide heat to the airflow.