There is provided with a moving body control apparatus. An image capturing unit captures a periphery of a moving body through a transmitting portion. A heater is capable of heating the transmitting portion. An air-conditioning unit switches an air-conditioning state in the moving body between an inside air circulation state and an outside air introduction state. A control unit controls the heater. An ambient temperature detection unit detects an ambient temperature. The control unit starts the operation of the heater when the ambient temperature is not more than a predetermined temperature threshold. The predetermined temperature threshold of the case in which the air-conditioning state is set to the inside air circulation state is higher than the predetermined temperature threshold in the case in which the air-conditioning state is set to the outside air introduction state.

A heater device includes a planar heat generating portion configured to generate heat when being energized, a detection circuit having a plurality of planar electrodes disposed on one surface side of the heat generating portion, and a controller configured to control an amount of energization to the heat generating portion based on a detection result of the detection circuit. The heat generating portion and the plurality of electrodes are disposed in parallel with each other. The heater device is configured to have a heat generating region in which the heat generating portion is present and a non-heat generating region in which the heat generating portion is not present when the plurality of electrodes and the heat generating portion are projected in a direction perpendicular to the plurality of electrodes and the heat generating portion. Furthermore, the plurality of electrodes include a heat-diffusion promoting portion provided to be included at least in the non-heat generating region.

An operating method for an electric heater having at least one control unit with at least one temperature sensor measuring a reference temperature, and at least one heating element having a positive temperature coefficient mode above a critical temperature and a negative temperature coefficient mode below the critical temperature, may include heating a fluid passing the electric heater to an outlet temperature by the at least one heating element, and operating the electric heater in one of a normal mode or a protection mode. In the normal mode, the at least one heating element may be supplied with at least one of a direct current and a direct voltage. In the protection mode, electrical power supplied to the at least one heating element may be regulated by pulse width modulation. The electric heater may be operated in the normal mode if the reference temperature is less than or equal to the critical temperature, and in the protection mode if the reference temperature is greater than the critical temperature.

A heater device includes a heat generation layer that has a heat generation portion configured to generate heat when energized, a pair of electrodes disposed on one side of the heat generation layer and being spaced from each other, a detection portion configured to generate an electric field between the pair of electrodes and detect an object around the pair of electrodes, and a controller configured to control the amount of electric power supplied to the heat generation portion based on a detection result by the detection portion.

A sheet-type heating element includes: an insulation layer for insulation; a first electrode disposed on the insulation layer and including a plurality of first branches; a second electrode disposed on the insulation layer and including a plurality of second branches; and a plurality of heating conductors arranged in parallel and electrically connected with the plurality of first branches and the plurality of second branches, each of the plurality of heating conductors having a higher resistance value than the first electrode and the second electrode to generate heat.

A heat generating system for a motor vehicle includes a carbon nanotube heating element and a controller. The controller is configured to activate the carbon nanotube heating element in response to a wireless activation signal received from a remote communication device. A related method of heating a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle is also disclosed.

A heating system for a vehicle includes: a heater for non-contact heating that emits radiation heat by heat supplied from its heat generating part, which generates heat upon energization, to give warmth to an occupant in a state where a body of the occupant is not in contact with the heater; a heater for contact heating that generates heat upon energization to give warmth to the occupant in a state where the body of the occupant is in contact with the heater; and a control device that controls operations of the heater for contact heating and the heater for non-contact heating. The control device adjusts a heating output provided by the heater for contact heating and a heating output provided by the heater for non-contact heating, and controls the operations. Therefore, the occupant can enjoy a sense of heating that is not stereotypical, and achieve energy saving.

A heater panel includes a face layer. A heater/dielectric layer includes a heater layer between a pair of dielectric layers. The face layer is bonded to a first one of the dielectric layers. A ballistic structure is bonded to a second one of the dielectric layers. The face layer can be bonded directly to the first one of the dielectric layers with a film adhesive. The ballistic structure can be bonded directly to the second one of the dielectric layers with a film adhesive. The ballistic structure can be configured to withstand at least a 5.56 mm bullet impact.

A heater panel includes a core. A heater/dielectric layer including a positive thermal coefficient (PTC) heater layer between a pair of dielectric layers is bonded to the core in a stack. An impact layer is bonded to the stack, wherein the impact layer includes a first sub-layer for impact absorption that is bonded to the stack and a second sub-layer for cut resistance bonded to the first sub-layer. The second sub-layer has a higher material hardness than that of the first-sub layer.

The present invention is directed to a heating (defrosting) system configured to provide heat to a top surface of a for a vehicle, a transport container, or trailer (e.g., a tractor trailer). The heating (defrosting) system may comprise at least one power source (e.g., a battery), at least one ON/OFF power switch, at least one electrically conductive cable or wire configured to defrost or heat at least one external surface of the vehicle, transport container, or trailer that may otherwise be susceptible to frost, ice, and/or snow accumulation, and at least multi-plug electric power connector configured to accept at least one electrically conductive cable or wire and to distribute electric current throughout the at least one electrically conductive cable or wire. If desired, the heating (defrosting) system may further include at least one thermostat and at least one temperature sensor to activate or deactivate the heating (defrosting) system at a selected temperature above freezing point. The heating (defrosting) system may also be provided with at least one optional ice sensor for activating or deactivating the heating (defrosting) system, as may be necessary. The at least one electrically conductive cable or wirer may be positioned either internally or externally. When positioned internally, the cable or wire may be placed along a top side of any support structures that may be present (e.g., the support rails in a trailer). When positioned externally, the cables or wires may be positioned on an external surface (e.g., the top side) of the vehicle, transport container, or trailer.