An electrical heating device, in particular for a vehicle, includes a heat exchanger body, with a heat transfer surface and an at least partially closed cavity. The at least partially closed cavity has a wall section that at least partially delimits the at least partially closed cavity that is adjacent to the heat transfer surface. A pyrotechnical charge is arranged in the at least partially closed cavity, and the at least partially closed cavity has a further wall section delimiting the at least partially closed cavity at least partially and to which an electrical connection line of the electrical heating device is adjacent.

A heater unit emits radiation heat caused by heat generated with a heat generation unit when energized. The heater device includes a contact detection unit having a contact detection region overlying the heater unit to detect a contact by an object on the contact detection region. The heater device includes a determination unit to determine, when a contact by the object on the contact detection region is detected by the contact detection unit, whether the contact is for a predetermined switching operation. A control unit stops energization of the heat generation unit when the determination unit determines that the contact is not for the predetermined switching operation. The control unit switches between a start and a stop of energization of the heat generation unit when the determination unit determines that the contact is for the switching operation.

A heater device includes a contact determination unit for determining contact or non-contact of an object based on a change in capacitance between a plurality of electrodes. The contact determination unit is configured to determine (i) the contact of the object in response to a determination that the change in capacitance between the plurality of electrodes per predetermined unit time is a change in one direction and equal to or larger than a first determination threshold value. The contact determination unit is configured to determine (ii) the non-contact of the object in response to a determination that the change in capacitance between the plurality of electrodes per predetermined unit time is a change in a direction opposite to the one direction and equal to or larger than a second determination threshold value.

A heater apparatus includes a heat generating unit, an outer surface, a temperature sensor and a detection unit. A first control portion of an electronic control unit controls temperature of the heat generating unit in such a way that it stops or reduces electric power supply to the heat generating unit, when it determines that an object has been brought into contact with a first region of the outer surface. A second control portion of the electronic control unit controls the temperature of the heat generating unit depending on a detected temperature of the temperature sensor. A third control portion of the electronic control unit controls the temperature of the heat generating unit in such a way that it stops or reduces the electric power supply to the heat generating unit, when it determines that the object has been brought into contact with a second region of the outer surface.

The present disclosure describes to a heating arrangement for an electric vehicle and a method for controlling such a heating arrangement. The heating arrangement includes at least one PTC heater and a control device for controlling the at least one PTC heater. The control device includes an HF pulse width modulator that generates an HF modulation signal in multiple modulation steps. The respective modulation step of the HF pulse width modulator corresponds to an output step of the at least one PTC heater, so that the control device, via the HF pulse width modulator, adjusts the output of the at least one PTC heater between a minimum output and a maximum output, step-by-step, in the plural output steps.

A fuel gas-operated vehicle heater includes a burner area with a combustion chamber (60) formed in a combustion chamber housing (58). The combustion chamber housing (58) includes a circumferential wall (62) defining the combustion chamber (60) in relation to a housing longitudinal axis radially outwards and a bottom area (64) axially defining the combustion chamber (60). The bottom area (64) has a fuel gas feed chamber (116) between a first bottom wall (106) defining the combustion chamber (60) and a second bottom wall (112). A fuel gas feed line (118) opens into the fuel gas feed chamber (116). A fuel gas inlet opening assembly is provided in the first bottom wall (106) for the entry of fuel gas from the fuel gas feed chamber (116) into the combustion chamber (60).

The present invention relates to a heating device for heating fluids, such as water or a liquid coolant, for example, which can be applied in electric or hybrid vehicles, for example, where the absence of an internal combustion engine or its shorter time of use requires using heating devices for heating either the passenger compartment or other parts of the vehicle that require it. The present invention is characterized by a configuration which limits the temperature to the temperature at which heat exchange occurs between the heat generation source and the liquid to be heated, such that the liquid does not generate precipitates, prolonging the service life of the device.

An electrical heating device (1) includes a housing (2, 102) having a fluid inlet (3) for the intake of a fluid to be heated into the housing (2, 102) and having a fluid outlet (4) for the discharge of the fluid from the housing (2, 102). A flow channel (5) for the fluid is formed between the fluid inlet (3) and fluid outlet (4), and at least one heating instrument (6, 105, 205) extends into the flow channel (5) in the housing (2, 102). This heating instrument has a sleeve (7, 207) that surrounds an interior of the heating instrument (6, 105, 205) in a fluid-tight way. At least one heating element (8, 208) is arranged in the sleeve (7, 207), and at least one sensor element (9, 109, 209) is arranged in the sleeve (7, 207) for monitoring the temperature of the at least one heating element (8, 208).

An operating method for an electric heater having at least one control unit with at least one temperature sensor measuring a reference temperature, and at least one heating element having a positive temperature coefficient mode above a critical temperature and a negative temperature coefficient mode below the critical temperature, may include heating a fluid passing the electric heater to an outlet temperature by the at least one heating element, and operating the electric heater in one of a normal mode or a protection mode. In the normal mode, the at least one heating element may be supplied with at least one of a direct current and a direct voltage. In the protection mode, electrical power supplied to the at least one heating element may be regulated by pulse width modulation. The electric heater may be operated in the normal mode if the reference temperature is less than or equal to the critical temperature, and in the protection mode if the reference temperature is greater than the critical temperature.

The commissioning of an air conditioning system requires a series of manual steps, which leads to inefficient commissioning. A method is therefore provided for commissioning an air conditioning system of a vehicle, including the following: a) Reading in a target data record indicating a target vehicle state; b) Recording an actual data record indicating an actual vehicle state by measuring at least one signal and/or communicating with at least one vehicle component; c) Comparing the actual vehicle state with a target vehicle state; d) Activating at least one function of the air conditioning system only if the actual vehicle state corresponds to the target vehicle state.