A method for managing mileage capacity of a BEV having a TRU includes obtaining live vehicle data via an ECU of the BEV and determining a rate of consumption of energy stored in the energy storage unit and an efficiency of BEV's components based on the live vehicle data. The method further includes triggering an operation mode of the BEV based on the determined rate of consumption of energy and the efficiency, and thereafter controlling a cooling and a heating capacity of the TRU based on the triggered operation mode. The method includes optimizing the rate of the consumption of energy based on the controlled cooling and the heating capacity of the TRU and then notifying a message indicating current operating modes of the BEV and activation of an energy saving mode to a user of the BEV via one of a HMI, mobile application, or a visual indicator.

A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater for use in a vehicle air conditioner. The PTC heater comprises a plurality of independently electrically controllable PTC modules that can be selected. All the PTC modules are directly started simultaneously to activate the entire PTC heater; or the operation of one or some of the PTC modules is started before all the PTC modules are started simultaneously to activate the entire PTC heater. In addition, a method for controlling the PTC heater and a control system for operating the control method are also provided. By controlling the coordinated operation of the PTC heater and a compressor, the purposes of reducing power consumption to increase energy efficiency and extending the range of an electric bus are achieved.

A heat medium heating apparatus includes: a circuit board; an electronic component disposed on the circuit board; a flow channel member formed of a metal and having a flow channel through which a heat medium flows; and a heater which is disposed in the flow channel and heats the heat medium. A heat sink portion is formed integrally with the flow channel member. The heat sink portion is connected to an outer boundary of the flow channel and has a surface on which the electronic component is mounted.