A piping (1) for guiding a fluid within a drive train unit (G) of a motor vehicle includes a pipe (R). A stop (R1A) is formed at a first end (R1) of the piping (1). A sealing element (R2D) is provided at a second end (R2) of the piping (1). The sealing element (R2D) acts as an axial seal. In order to improve a sealing effect of the sealing element (R2D), the piping (1) is loaded along an extension direction of the piping (1). A drive train unit (G) for a motor vehicle including such a piping (1) and a method for installing such a piping (1) into such a drive train unit (G) is also provided.

An electric-power conversion apparatus has a heat sink in which one side portion out of a pair of side portions that extend in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of a motor is formed shorter than the other side portion thereof; a lower case to which the heat sink is fixed is fastened to a driving apparatus through the intermediary of fixing portions at the both end portions of each of the pair of side portions of the heat sink or at respective positions in the vicinity of the both end portions of each of the pair of side portions of the heat sink; at least one of a reactor and capacitors is disproportionately disposed to be closer to said one side portion than to said the other side portion of the heat sink.

An electric-power conversion apparatus has a heat sink in which one side portion out of a pair of side portions that extend in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of a motor is formed shorter than the other side portion thereof; a lower case to which the heat sink is fixed is fastened to a driving apparatus through the intermediary of fixing portions at the both end portions of each of the pair of side portions of the heat sink or at respective positions in the vicinity of the both end portions of each of the pair of side portions of the heat sink; at least one of a reactor and capacitors is disproportionately disposed to be closer to said one side portion than to said the other side portion of the heat sink.

Disclosed is a method of controlling a hybrid electric vehicle having a transmission, an engine, and first and second drive motors. The method includes: performing charging through the first drive motor using the power of the engine by engaging an engine clutch disposed between the engine and the first drive motor while a vehicle is stopped with the gear stage shifted to the parking (P) range; turning off the engine and controlling the clutch of the transmission to enter an open state when the gear stage is shifted to the driving (D) range; and commencing movement of the vehicle using the second drive motor alone or using at least one of the first drive motor or the engine together with the second drive motor based on at least one of requested torque, available torque of the second drive motor, or the speed of the first drive motor.

Disclosed is a method of controlling a hybrid electric vehicle having a transmission, an engine, and first and second drive motors. The method includes: performing charging through the first drive motor using the power of the engine by engaging an engine clutch disposed between the engine and the first drive motor while a vehicle is stopped with the gear stage shifted to the parking (P) range; turning off the engine and controlling the clutch of the transmission to enter an open state when the gear stage is shifted to the driving (D) range; and commencing movement of the vehicle using the second drive motor alone or using at least one of the first drive motor or the engine together with the second drive motor based on at least one of requested torque, available torque of the second drive motor, or the speed of the first drive motor.

A hybrid vehicle with four drive wheels having: an internal combustion heat engine, which transmits the motion to a first pair of drive wheels and has at least one cylinder provided with at least one intake valve and with an exhaust valve; a turbine, which is designed to be rotated by the exhaust gases; a first electric machine, which is designed to be rotated by the turbine so as to generate electrical energy; a second electric machine, which transmits the motion to a second pair of drive wheels; and a control unit, which is configured to cyclically determine an electric power to be necessarily generated and an electric power generated by the first electric machine and to adjust an opening advance of the exhaust valve depending on the difference between the electric power generated by the first electric machine and the electric power to be necessarily generated.

A hybrid vehicle with four drive wheels having: an internal combustion heat engine, which transmits the motion to a first pair of drive wheels and has at least one cylinder provided with at least one intake valve and with an exhaust valve; a turbine, which is designed to be rotated by the exhaust gases; a first electric machine, which is designed to be rotated by the turbine so as to generate electrical energy; a second electric machine, which transmits the motion to a second pair of drive wheels; and a control unit, which is configured to cyclically determine an electric power to be necessarily generated and an electric power generated by the first electric machine and to adjust an opening advance of the exhaust valve depending on the difference between the electric power generated by the first electric machine and the electric power to be necessarily generated.

When a prescribed execution condition is satisfied at the time of transition from HV traveling (that is, traveling performed by an engine and a motor with generation of traveling driving force by the engine) to EV traveling (that is, traveling performed by the motor without generation of traveling driving force by the engine), a controller of a hybrid vehicle performs motoring (or a self-sustaining operation) of an engine and thereafter stops the engine.

When a prescribed execution condition is satisfied at the time of transition from HV traveling (that is, traveling performed by an engine and a motor with generation of traveling driving force by the engine) to EV traveling (that is, traveling performed by the motor without generation of traveling driving force by the engine), a controller of a hybrid vehicle performs motoring (or a self-sustaining operation) of an engine and thereafter stops the engine.

The hybrid vehicle includes an engine, a motor connected to the engine, and an electronic control unit configured to control the motor to execute motoring to rotate a crankshaft of the engine. The electronic control unit is configured to execute speed-drop offset control when a rotation speed of the engine falls below a first rotation speed that is lower than a self-sustaining rotation speed of the engine while the engine is operated in a self-sustaining manner at the self-sustaining rotation speed.