A process of plant fertilization includes adsorbing phosphorus from an anthropogenic phosphorus source onto a plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent and then applying the plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent to a plant medium. A composition includes a soil amendment and a plant medium. The soil amendment includes a plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent and phosphorus from an anthropogenic phosphorus source adsorbed onto the particles. A process includes adsorbing a first amount of phosphorus from a phosphorus source onto a plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent to saturate the particles of phosphorus adsorbent with phosphorus. The process also includes processing the particles to maintain the first amount of phosphorus on the particles and permit additional adsorption of phosphorus onto the particles. The process further includes adsorbing an additional amount of phosphorus from the phosphorus source onto the particles to saturate the particles with phosphorus.

A process of plant fertilization includes adsorbing phosphorus from an anthropogenic phosphorus source onto a plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent and then applying the plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent to a plant medium. A composition includes a soil amendment and a plant medium. The soil amendment includes a plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent and phosphorus from an anthropogenic phosphorus source adsorbed onto the particles. A process includes adsorbing a first amount of phosphorus from a phosphorus source onto a plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent to saturate the particles of phosphorus adsorbent with phosphorus. The process also includes processing the particles to maintain the first amount of phosphorus on the particles and permit additional adsorption of phosphorus onto the particles. The process further includes adsorbing an additional amount of phosphorus from the phosphorus source onto the particles to saturate the particles with phosphorus.

A process of plant fertilization includes adsorbing phosphorus from an anthropogenic phosphorus source onto a plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent and then applying the plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent to a plant medium. A composition includes a soil amendment and a plant medium. The soil amendment includes a plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent and phosphorus from an anthropogenic phosphorus source adsorbed onto the particles. A process includes adsorbing a first amount of phosphorus from a phosphorus source onto a plurality of particles of phosphorus adsorbent to saturate the particles of phosphorus adsorbent with phosphorus. The process also includes processing the particles to maintain the first amount of phosphorus on the particles and permit additional adsorption of phosphorus onto the particles. The process further includes adsorbing an additional amount of phosphorus from the phosphorus source onto the particles to saturate the particles with phosphorus.

A plant growth media composition, articles made therefrom, and methods of making and using the same are described. The plant growth media composition includes a combination of one or more plant growth substrate materials and an additive such as cellulose fibers, clay, carrageenan, alginate, chitosan, or combinations thereof.

A plant growth media composition, articles made therefrom, and methods of making and using the same are described. The plant growth media composition includes a combination of one or more plant growth substrate materials and an additive such as cellulose fibers, clay, carrageenan, alginate, chitosan, or combinations thereof.

An aluminium hydroxide hydrogel for agriculture is provided. The aluminium hydroxide hydrogel includes aluminium polyhydrate and water.

An aluminium hydroxide hydrogel for agriculture is provided. The aluminium hydroxide hydrogel includes aluminium polyhydrate and water.

A soil modifier that includes: base particles that are particles of SiO.sub.2 having a particle size of 100 nm or more, and the central particle size of the base particles is 120 nm to 800 nm in a particle size distribution of the SiO.sub.2 particles. A culture soil includes soil and the base particles.

A soil modifier that includes: base particles that are particles of SiO.sub.2 having a particle size of 100 nm or more, and the central particle size of the base particles is 120 nm to 800 nm in a particle size distribution of the SiO.sub.2 particles. A culture soil includes soil and the base particles.

A micronutrient formulation includes (i) a biochelant; (ii) a micronutrient salt; (iii) a ring opener; and (iv) a solvent. A micronutrient formulation includes a sugar oxidation product, a ring opener, a micronutrient salt and a solvent. The micronutrient formulation has a sodium ion concentration of from about 1,000 ppm to about 99,000 ppm.