Accurate driver state determination achieving safety is enabled without being affected by differences between individual drivers. A driver state determination apparatus for determining a driver state, such as distracted driving, includes a calculator that determines a direction of a vehicle driver's face or gaze based on first sensing data output from a first sensor and including an image of the driver, and calculates statistical information about a direction in which the driver looking straight ahead retains his or her gaze with respect to a forward direction of a vehicle. A correction unit corrects the determined face or gaze direction of the driver with respect to a reference direction defined as the forward direction of the vehicle based on the statistical information. A determiner determines a driver state based on a deviation of the corrected face or gaze direction of the driver from the reference direction.

The present invention provides a system for vehicle security, personalization, cardiac activity and respiratory monitoring of a driver wherein active electrocardiography of a driver is mapped and in case of drivers' abnormal heart numbers or passing out under the influence of alcohol, the monitor takes the control of the vehicle and stops it precisely. The monitor further makes the automatic emergency call to pre-input contact and also provide the security to vehicle to restrict unauthorized access.

Apparatuses, systems and methods are provided for alleviating driver distractions. More particularly, apparatuses, systems and methods are provided for alleviating driver distractions by provoking driver interaction.

A driving assistance apparatus includes: a detector that detects a shift position of a transmission of a vehicle; a stimulator that stimulates a driver; a stimulation controller that controls actuation of the stimulator to stimulate the driver in a stimulation pattern in accordance with the shift position; and a determiner that determines whether to be necessary to stimulate the driver even when the shift position is changed.

Methods of assessing driver behavior include monitoring vehicle systems and driver monitoring systems to accommodate for a slow reaction time, attention lapse and/or alertness of a driver. When it is determined that a driver is drowsy, for example, the response system may modify the operation of one or more vehicle systems. The response system can modify the control of two or more systems simultaneously in response to driver behavior.

A vehicle includes an internal camera configured to acquire the driver's facial data to identify the driver's gaze region; an external sensor configured to acquire object data including at least one of a relative position and a relative speed of the object existing in all directions of the vehicle; and a controller configured to generate an advance warning signal.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods avoiding collisions by monitoring the presence and alertness of a person in a vehicle. The alertness of that person may be monitored by identifying actions performed by that person when an automated driving assistant is used in a vehicle. Systems and method consistent with the present disclosure may monitor the alertness of a person that is located in a driving position of a vehicle according to criteria associated with particular individuals or with criteria associated with specific protocols. When a system or method consistent with the present disclosure identifies that a person is not alert, a corrective action may be initiated that reduces likelihood of a collision.

An alarm device that can urge changing of a vehicle driver without giving a nuisance to the driver or an occupant of the vehicle includes a captured image acquisition section for acquiring at least a plurality of captured images image-capturing a face of an occupant at a driver's seat of a vehicle, a measuring section for measuring a time period lapsed after starting of an engine of the vehicle, a decision section for deciding presence/absence of changing of the occupant of the driver's seat based on the plurality of captured images acquired, and an informing section for informing if the decision section decides absence of change of the occupant of the driver's seat and a measurement result of the measuring section reaches a preset value.

A wakefulness maintenance apparatus includes a presentation recording unit and a presentation execution unit. The presentation recording unit records in-vehicle presentation contents each including a corresponding one of scenes, an auditory stimulus action associated with the scene, and at least one stimulus action selected from a group of a visual stimulus action, a tactile stimulus action, and an olfactory stimulus action which are associated with the scene. The presentation execution unit executes, based on the in-vehicle presentation contents recorded in the presentation recording unit, an in-vehicle presentation including provision of: the auditory stimulus action associated with the scene, and the at least one stimulus action selected from the group of the visual stimulus action, tactile stimulus action, and olfactory stimulus action which are associated with the scene.

An illustrative example assembly includes a display having a first side for displaying at least one image and a second side facing opposite the first side. The display includes a first portion having a first plurality of layers between the first side and the second side. The display includes a second portion having a second plurality of layers between the first side and the second side. The second plurality of layers includes at least one additional layer more than the first plurality of layers. A camera is situated near the second side of the display with a field of view of the camera at least partially aligned with the first portion of the display.