An irrigation management system which allows for modulation of the watering gradient along crop rows. The system may include dual drip lines which allow for selection of gradients based upon the time each of the dual lines is active. The system may utilize pressure sensitive valves which select drip lines based upon the inlet feed water pressure. The system may include drip emitters which modify flow rates based upon inlet feed water pressure.

An emitter includes a water intake part, a pressure-reducing flow path part, a first flow-rate adjusting part, a second flow-rate adjusting part, and a discharge part. The first flow-rate adjusting part includes a first valve seat, a first communication hole, a first diaphragm part, and a valve body. The valve body is disposed between the first diaphragm part and an opening of the first communication hole. The valve body moves toward the first communication hole as the first diaphragm part approaches the first valve seat. The shape of the valve body is such that, when the traveling distance of the valve body is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the gap decreases as the valve body moves and such that, when the traveling distance of the valve body exceeds the predetermined value, the gap increases as the valve body moves.

An emitter provided with: a water intake part that communicates with the interior of a tube when the emitter is joined to the tube; a pressure-reducing flow channel part for forming a pressure-reducing flow channel; a flow rate adjustment part for adjusting the flow rate of the irrigation liquid in accordance with the pressure of the irrigation liquid inside the tube; and a discharge part that faces a discharge opening. The flow rate adjustment part has: a base; an accommodation part that accommodates the base; a communication hole that opens to the base and communicates with the discharge part; and a diaphragm part that is flexible and is disposed so as to be separated from the base, the diaphragm part approaching the base when the pressure of the irrigation liquid inside the tube is received.

A thin walled irrigation pipe has a tensile layer formed as a continuous strip upon an outer side of the pipe for increasing tensile strength of the pipe. The tensile layer includes a higher tensile strength than material of the remainder of the pipe outside of the tensile layer.

An emitter comprises: an emitter main body; and a discharge amount adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of irrigation liquid discharged from the discharge opening of a tube. The discharge amount adjustment unit has a diaphragm part formed integrally with the emitter main body in a position facing the inner wall surface of the tube when the emitter is joined to the inner wall surface, the diaphragm part deforming in accordance with the pressure of the irrigation fluid inside the tube. The diaphragm part has a discharge amount securing part on the surface of the side facing the inner wall surface, the discharge amount securing part securing the discharge of irrigation fluid from the discharge opening at or above a fixed amount, even if the diaphragm part deforms and adheres to the inner wall surface.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for treating plant, aquatic, and/or livestock pathogens. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to activated compositions having metal nanoparticles and/or one or more organic acids for the treatment of harmful plant, aquaculture, or livestock pathogens, and also relates to methods of making and using the compositions.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for treating plant, aquatic, and/or livestock pathogens. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to activated compositions having metal nanoparticles and/or one or more organic acids for the treatment of harmful plant, aquaculture, or livestock pathogens, and also relates to methods of making and using the compositions.

An emitter forms a flow path that runs to a discharge part from a water collecting part for receiving an irrigation liquid in a tube. The flow path includes a flow rate control part which includes: an end surface including a concave inclined surface that faces a film for receiving the pressure of the liquid inside the tube; a hole that opens at the center of the flow volume control part and connects to the discharge part; and a groove crossing the inclined surface and running to the hole. When the film adheres to the inclined surface as a result of the pressure of the irrigation liquid inside the tube, the flow volume of the irrigation liquid inside the emitter is controlled so as to be a volume that can pass through the groove.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for treating plant, aquatic, and/or livestock pathogens. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to activated compositions having metal nanoparticles and/or one or more organic acids for the treatment of harmful plant, aquaculture, or livestock pathogens, and also relates to methods of making and using the compositions.

An irrigation device for facilitating growth of a plant includes a mat that is air and water permeable and has an opening through which a plant extends. A drip tube is disposed within the mat between upper and lower surfaces thereof. The drip tube has an open end connectable to a water source, and a series of apertures or emitters along the length thereof permitting water to exit the drip tube and through the lower surface of the mat to the ground surrounding the plant.