A modular hydroponic tower array fixture system for the growth of organisms such as plants and fungi on arrays of hydroponic towers, allowing for the insertion and removal of individual towers from the array, is provided. Methods for the production of organisms such as plants and fungi using a modular hydroponic tower array fixture system are also provided herein.

The invention discloses a sprinkler for achieving a high atomization effect under a low pressure condition, which belongs to a modern agricultural micro-irrigation apparatus, and comprises a low-pressure fine atomizing nozzle, a small motor fan, a storage battery pack, slotted brackets, a screw rod and adjustable screw nuts, the components of the sprinkler are connected with each other via threads and bolts, and the slotted bracket has a U-shaped slot. The low-pressure atomizing sprinkler can realize height adjustment of the sprinkler through threaded connection of the threaded connecting pipe according to the height of the plant to be sprinkled, and the operation is simple. Effective atomization can be achieved under a low pressure condition and atomization uniformity can be improved by the action of the small motor fan. The sprinkler for achieving a high atomization effect under a low pressure condition is convenient to assemble, the user can quickly install the sprinkler and achieve different atomization effects according to the requirement, so that a single apparatus has multiple functions and effectively overcome drawbacks of the mechanical operation and only functioning in pressure adjustment of the agricultural atomizing sprinklers in the prior art.

A low-flow emitter includes a rotatable cap and a body. The rotatable cap has a threaded hole and a receiving chamber communicating with the threaded hole. The wall of the receiving chamber has plural grooves, which are annularly arranged in a spaced manner around the threaded hole. The body has a shaft. The shaft has an external thread and a flexible rib adjacent to the external thread and is connected to the rotatable cap by threaded connection between the external thread and the threaded hole such that the flexible rib is engaged in one of the grooves. When the rotatable cap is rotated to adjust the amount of water delivered by the low-flow emitter, the area of contact between the grooves of the rotatable cap and the flexible rib of the body stays unchanged, allowing the rotatable cap to produce a consistent feel to the operator.

A drip emitter includes a frame, that can be made of plastic, and a membrane, that can be elastomeric; and both the frame and the membrane are formed by injection molding and are attached to each other.

A controllable emitter of an irrigation apparatus including a drip line and a control station configured to control a pressure of pressurized fluid in the drip line is provided. The controllable emitter is disposable along the drip line and includes a container coupled to the drip line, the container being formed to define an interior and including an inlet through which the pressurized fluid is receivable in the interior from the drip line and an outlet through which the pressurized fluid is exhaustible from the interior, a piston, including a magnetic element, disposed at least partially in the container to occupy a position in accordance with the pressure of the pressurized fluid and a sensor configured to sense a position of the magnetic element and to communicate a sensed position to the control station.

In accordance with one aspect, a faucet-supplied irrigation system is provided having a container, coiled tubing in the container, a plurality of pop-up sprinklers in the container, and a plurality of connectors in the container for attachment to the tubing and sprinklers. The irrigation system includes an irrigation controller in the container and a pressure regulator in the container to regulate water pressure of the supply of water to the sprinklers from the faucet. The container is configured to maintain a plurality of the coiled tubing, pop-up sprinklers, connectors, controller and regulator in a predetermined arrangement within the container.

A drip irrigation emitter may be provided with a coupler for bonding to an inner surface of a conduit. The emitter may include for example a button flow restrictor. The coupler may optionally provide an outlet zone on the conduit surface that is large enough for automated perforation. Bonding the emitter to the surface of the conduit may have a minimal effect on the dimensions and/or properties of the conduit. A button drip irrigation emitter may optionally include a two part labyrinth. The labyrinth may for example be confined between a cylindrical surface and a cover and/or wind between intermeshing baffles on the cover and/or the surface. In some embodiments the device may be formed using molding elements moving along a single axis.

Systems and methods for modeling ways to best design pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitters are provided. The systems and methods are designed to help reduce activation pressure while maintaining a substantially constant, desirable flow rate in an irrigation system. Various parameters that impact the activation pressure and the flow rate can be adjusted to assist in finding optimal designs. The parameters can at least include one or more of resistances in a flow path, resistances in a membrane cavity, a membrane, or placement of a membrane with respect to a membrane cavity. Optimal designs for such emitters based on the discloses systems and methods are provided, including at least one exemplary embodiment in which a length of a flow path is substantially reduced as compared to known emitters.

Drip irrigation emitters having low activation pressures, desirable flow rates, and are configured to clog less than existing emitters are provided. The disclosed emitters include membrane cavities that are devoid of a channel and a land to help advance fluid through the cavity, to an outlet, and to an outside environment. Instead, the membrane cavities have various shapes and configurations that, in conjunction with a depressed membrane, help to drive fluid out of the membrane cavity and to an outside environment. The shapes of the membrane cavities include a sinusoidal configuration, a cylindrical shape configuration, and a flat bottom configuration. Various features of such emitters, and methods of using the same, are also provided.

A drip emitter is provided for delivering irrigation water from a supply tube to an emitter outlet at a reduced and relatively constant flow rate. Water enters the emitter through a first inlet and proceeds into a first chamber. When the water pressure is above a predetermined level, a one-directional valve opens to allow fluid flow past the first chamber, through a tortuous path flow channel, and through an emitter outlet. A second inlet is used to compensate for water pressure fluctuations in the supply tube to maintain output flow at a relatively constant rate. Water enters the second inlet and presses a flexible diaphragm toward a water metering surface to provide pressure-dependent control of the output flow. A copper member is mounted to the emitter over the emitter outlet to prevent plant root intrusion into the emitter outlet.